“冰上丝绸之路”国际经济合作制度设计

International Economic Cooperation System Design of the“Polar Silk Road”

“冰上丝绸之路”是“一带一路”东北亚方向的延伸,是中国参与北极治理的重要桥梁和纽带,但在建设中面临着诸多制约因素:错综复杂的北极地缘政治环境,海域权属及通行规则存在分歧,经济建设存在较大不确定性,支点港口及配套设施支撑不足,资金与技术存在“双高”投入需求,传统安全威胁与非传统安全威胁并存。为此,需要加强“冰上丝绸之路”合作制度设计。在国际经济合作制度设计中应强化北极命运共同体理念,彰显互利合作共建共赢原则,坚持中国“建设性参与”策略,平衡北极利益相关者利益关系,突出中国近北极国家身份。文章从区域经济合作制度、生态环境保护制度、法律与人文合作制度、国际安全保障制度等方面构建了“冰上丝绸之路”国际经济合作制度体系。为保障制度体系的有效实施,应建立国际协调机制、风险防控机制、应急响应机制以及多边治理机制。

The“Polar Silk Road”is an extension of the Belt and Road Initiative in Northeast Asia and an important bridge and link for China to participate in the governance of the Arctic,yet it faces many constraints in the construction such as the complex Arctic geopolitical environment,differences in seas ownership and traffic rules,greater uncertainty in economic construction,insufficient support for pivot ports and necessary infrastructure,“double high”investment demand for capital and technology,and co-existence in traditional and non-traditional security threats.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the design for international economic cooperation system of the“Polar Silk Road”.In the design,it is essential to enhance the vision of a community with a shared future in the Arctic,highlight the principle of mutually beneficial and winwin cooperation,adhere to China's“constructive participation”strategy,balance the interests of Arctic stakeholders,and underscore China's identity as a near-Arctic country.The paper builds a system for global economic cooperation of the“Polar Silk Road”from such aspects as the regional economic cooperation system,ecological environment protection system,legal and cultural cooperation system,and international security guarantee system.To ensure the effective implementation of the cooperation system,international coordination mechanisms,risk prevention and control mechanisms,emergency response mechanisms,and multilateral governance mechanisms should be established.