民事赔偿影响过失犯缓刑适用研究——基于四类过失犯罪360份判决分析

A Study on the Influence of Civil Compensation on the Application of Probation for Negligent Offenders:Based on 360 Judgments for Four Types of Negligent Crimes

通过对360份过失犯罪判决的梳理发现,民事赔偿相较于自首、坦白、认罪认罚等从轻、减轻情节,具有民事赔偿情节而未适用缓刑的案件数量要远低于具有其他情节而未适用缓刑的案件数量。通过民事赔偿与被害人(家属)谅解在过失犯罪缓刑适用案件的数据对比和案例分析可知,二者影响缓刑适用的作用不同。实务中法院因过于重视民事赔偿的有无,而存在过失犯罪缓刑适用认定标注单一化、形式化问题。民事赔偿影响缓刑适用的定位应为被告人具有悔罪心理的一种形式外在,而非实质内涵。法院不能仅以行为人有无赔偿情节而认定是否悔罪,应实质地审查行为人赔偿能力、事后表现等,综合认定行为人是否悔罪,能否适用缓刑。

By combing 360 judgments on negligent crimes,it is found that the number of cases with civil compensation without probation is much lower than that with other circumstances without probation in terms of mitigating circumstances such as voluntary confession,confession and pleading guilty.Through the data comparison and case analysis of civil compensation and victim(family member)understanding in the application of probation for negligent crimes,we can know that the two have different effects on the application of probation.In practice,the courts over-emphasize the existence of civil compensation,so there exist problems of simplifying the identification of probation application for negligent crimes.The orientation of civil compensation affecting the application of probation should be a formal exterior of the penitent psychology of the defendant,rather than the substantive connotation.The court cannot judge whether the offender repents only by whether the offender has compensated,but should examine the offender′s compensation ability and performance afterwards,and comprehensively determine whether the offender repents and whether probation can be applied.