星载高光谱成像载荷发展及关键技术

Development and key technologies of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging payload

星载高光谱遥感技术可通过光谱特征对地物进行大范围快速精细识别,在自然资源勘查、生态环境保护、精细农业、碳排放监测和地表异常即时探测等方面有着广阔的应用前景。自20世纪80年代初期美国NASA研制出第一台机载高光谱成像仪以来,高光谱成像技术的研究发展日益得到重视。与机载高光谱载荷相比,星载高光谱载荷的研制难度大幅增加,但其全球范围快速探测识别的巨大应用价值,成为国际上竞相攻克的科技制高点,也是人类探测地球感知万物的重要手段。我国高分五号卫星的成功发射,使国际上星载高光谱成像技术的水平达到了一个新的高度,在助力碳排放、土壤有机质、土壤重金属污染、水质微量污染和大范围地球深部找矿等应用方面产生诸多突破。本文回顾了星载高光谱载荷技术的发展历程,总结了星载宽谱宽幅高光谱载荷的要点、关键技术及应用情况。结合团队在该领域多年实际开展的工作,凝炼提出了静止轨道高光谱、荧光超光谱和高光谱即时遥感探测几个重要发展方向及其关键技术,为星载高光谱载荷研究工作的重大发展提供一些重点有益的参考。

As spaceborne hyperspectral remote sensing technology is able to rapidly identify ground objects over a wide range based on spectrum characteristics,it has the potential to be widely used in natural resource exploration,ecological environment protection,precision agriculture,carbon emission monitoring,real-time detection of the Earth's surface anomalies.There has been an increasing emphasis on the research and development of hyperspectral imaging technology since NASA produced the first airborne hyperspectral imager in the early 1980s.Although the development of spaceborne hyperspectral payloads is more complex than that of airborne hyperspectral payloads,it has become the commanding height of science and technology in the international competition and also an important means for humans to detect the planet and perceive everything due to its enormous application value in rapid detection and identification on a global scale.The successful launch of our country's GF-5 satellite has elevated the international standard of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging technology to a new height,which contributes to many breakthroughs made in the application of carbon emission,soil organic matter,soil heavy metal pollution,trace pollution of water quality and large-scale deep earth prospecting.This article reviews the evolution of spaceborne hyperspectral payload technology,as well as summarizes the main points,key technologies,and applications of spaceborne hyperspectral payload with wide-spectrum and large-range.In addition,based on our team's actual research effort in this field over many years,several important development directions and key technologies have been proposed,such as geostationary orbit hyperspectral,fluorescence ultra-spectral,real-time hyperspectral detection,and so on,which will provide some essential and useful references for the key advancements of spaceborne hyperspectral payload research.