民用飞机迫降后不利姿态应急撤离实验研究

Experimental study on adverse attitude emergency evacuation of civil aircraft after crash landing

为研究飞机迫降后不利姿态对应急撤离的影响,基于动态客舱应急撤离实验环境,开展了200多人次的个体及群体应急撤离实验,按照自由撤离模式和快速撤离模式,分析了不利姿态下座椅段、过道区域个体撤离速度的变化规律,建立了个体平均速度衰减比模型。实验表明:迫降后的不利姿态对群体撤离时间、人员密度和前向距离均有一定影响。横滚姿态下,群体撤离速度衰减比在5°时为0.948,10°时为0.859,随横滚角增大而减小;俯仰姿态下,在-5°俯角下群体中个体撤离速度均呈现出加速的效果,末位速度达到1.35 m/s,次序越靠后撤离速度衰减比越大,-10°时,群体中个体运动呈现两面性,撤离速度与次序呈反比。通过实验揭示了迫降后不利姿态应急撤离客舱内个体运动及群体撤离的变化规律,为民用飞机应急撤离仿真提供了重要参考数据。

Based on dynamic emergency evacuation test environment,the effects of adverse attitude on emergency evacuation were studied and more than two hundred tests,including individual evacuation and group evacuation tests,were implemented.Then the average evacuation speed of individuals at seat and aisle area was analyzed according to free walk and quick evacuation model,with the results of which models of individual average speed attenuation ratio was established.The tests show that the adverse attitude of landing has effects on evacuation time,personnel density and forward distance.Under roll condition,the speed attenuation ratio is 0.948 and 0.859 at 5 degrees and 10 degrees,respectively,declining with the increase of the roll angle.Under pitch condition,the effects of acceleration appears at−5 degrees and the evacuation speed of the last person is 1.35 meter per second,with speed attenuation ratio increasing with the evacuation sequence;while at−10 degrees,the individual movement displays two-sidedness,with the speed in inverse proportion with the evacuation sequence.The test results reveal the movement patterns of the individual and group evacuation under adverse attitude landing condition and provides important reference data for evacuation simulation of civil aircraft.