基于角度转化的空间碎片测角数据精密定轨方法

Precise orbit determination method for angle-only observation data of space debris based on angle conversion theory

空间碎片对在轨卫星的影响日益增大,持续确定和更新空间碎片轨道日益受到重视。基于角度转化思想,提出了一种空间碎片测角数据精密定轨方法。基于常用的两行根数(TLE)数据应用需求,根据差分思想建立基于SGP4/SDP4预报模型的TLE精密定轨方法;以赤经-赤纬数据为典型场景,分析原始定义法、赤经投影法的优缺点;提出将常规双元素角度资料转化为三元素角度资料的角度转化法。仿真结果表明:当观测数据较多集中于测站天顶方向时,角度转化法能够将精密定轨收敛速度提高25%,轨道精度提高2~10倍。

On the basis of the angle conversion method,a brand-new accurate orbit determination technique for space debris was developed.First,based on the commonly used two-line-element(TLE)data application requirements,a TLE precise orbit determination model based on the SGP4/SDP4 forecast model was established according to the differential idea.Secondly,the advantages and disadvantages of the original definition method and the right ascension projection method were discussed by taking right ascension-declination observation as an example.Then the angle conversion method was proposed,which converts the two-element angle data into three-element angle data.Finally verifies based on the simulation that when the observation data is concentrated in the direction of the zenith of the station,the angle conversion method could increase the speed of precise orbit determination by about 25%,and increase the accuracy of orbit determination by 2−10 times.