武汉城市森林鸟类多样性概况

Survey on the Birds’Diversity of Urban Forest in Wuhan

鸟类是城市森林生态系统的重要成分和环境指示物种。研究城市鸟类对了解快速城市化导致的城市森林结构和功能破坏至关重要。2019—2021年,采用样线法和样点法对武汉市28个森林斑块进行了鸟类调查,以了解快速城市化背景下森林鸟类的组成和多样性。共记录鸟类10目37科102种,雀形目78种(76.5%),优势种为白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis和黄腹山雀Pardaliparus venustulus;国家和湖北省重点保护野生鸟类各9种和27种;留鸟和东洋种占优势,分别为53种(52.0%)和51种(50.0%);夏、秋季鸟类多样性高于春、冬季;远郊鸟类的丰富度、多样性指数和均匀性指数均高于市区,表明快速城市化对鸟类多样性产生了一定的负面影响。为深入了解城市化的影响,鸟类多样性及其与森林斑块功能退化的关系尚待长期研究。

Birds are important components and environmental indicators of urban forests.Studying on urban birds is criti⁃cal to understand structural and functional disruptions of urban forests caused by rapid urbanization.Bird surveys were con⁃ducted in 28 forest patches in Wuhan City,the biggest city of central China,using the line transects and point counts dur⁃ing 2019 to 2021.The objective was to understand the species composition and diversity of birds within the urban forest mo⁃saics against the background of rapid urbanization.A total of 102 bird species,belonging to 37 families and 10 orders,were recorded.The species richness of Passeriformes(78 species,76.5%)was the highest.The dominant species were light-vented bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis),and yellow-bellied tit(Pardaliparus venustulus).There were 9 nationally key protected birds and 27 provincially key protected birds of Hubei Province.The forest bird community in Wuhan City was dominated by residents(53 species,52.0%)and Oriental species(51 species,50.0%).The species richness in summer and autumn were higher than those in spring and winter.Whereas,species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’evenness index in the outer suburbs were higher than those in the urbans.These results suggest that rapid urbanization might have negatively impacted on species composition and diversity in Wuhan City.In order to further understand the effects of urbanization on urban forest ecosystems,long-term studies on bird species diversity and their associations with functional disruptions of urban forests are needed in the future.