传统村落空间分布及历史演进研究--以三明市为例

The Spatial Distribution and Historical Evolution of Traditional Villages of Sanming City

当前,全国各地依托传统村落打造乡村文化旅游,开展传统村落的保护与乡村文化的挖掘营造,但比较缺乏对传统村落的分布特征及历史演进的区域层面研究。以三明市辖区107个传统村落为研究对象,结合ArcGIS分析技术,基于空间分辨率为30m的数字高程模型,从自然因素和社会因素两方面,对三明市传统村落的空间分布规律进行研究。运用最邻近指数法、核密度分析法和缓冲区分析等对三明市传统村落的空间分布相关性及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:三明市传统村落空间分布整体上呈集聚模式,局部呈分散状态,并形成三个高密度区;传统村落分布地势较高,空间分布受水系和道路的影响;传统村落承载三明历史源流、人口变迁、经济发展以及宗族文化等社会因素历史演进的时间脉络。相关研究成果可以为各地传统村落保护与文化挖掘提供借鉴经验。

At present,building rural cultural tourism relying on traditional villages have appeared all over the country.So the protection of traditional villages is carried out,and the excavation and con-struction of rural culture are developed.However,there are few studies focusing on the distribution characteristics and historical evolution of traditional villages.In this study,107 traditional villages in Sanming were taken as the research object,combined with the ArcGIS analysis technology,and the dig-ital elevation model with spatial resolution of 30 m was applied.The spatial distribution law of the tra-ditional villages in Sanming were studied from the two aspects of natural factors and social factors.And the spatial correlation and influencing factors of traditional villages in Sanming were analyzed by the methods of Nearest Neighbor Index,Kernel Density Analysis and Buffer Zone Analysis.The results showed that the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Sanming had a concentrated pattern on the whole and scattered locally,and it was formed three high-density areas.Traditional villages distrib-uted on higher ground,and their spatial distribution was influenced by water system and roads.Tradi-tional villages carry the timeline of historical evolution of social factors such as Sanming's historical ori-gins,population changes,economic development,and clan culture.Relevant research results can pro-vide reference experience for the protection and cultural excavation of traditional villages in various places.