促进教育从公平迈向卓越--芬兰基础教育学制分析

Towards Excellence in Equity:Report on the Development of Basic Education School System in Finland

挖掘芬兰学制成功的秘密需要梳理其学制的变革并总结其现行学制的特点。回顾芬兰历史,其学制经历了探索期、发展期、成熟期和深化期,当前由早期教育、学前教育、基础教育、普通高中与职业教育以及高等教育构成。芬兰学制的优点在于独特的基础教育设置、多维的学生支持体系、公共资金扶持下的各级教育、每个教育阶段的高度自主权和完善的教师教育体系。进入新的历史时期,芬兰学制需要解决教育系统预期目标未能充分实现和教育不公平性有所增加的两大问题。

To discover the secret of the success of Finland’s school system,it’s vital to sort out its reform and summarize its current school system.Looking back at the history of Finland,the schooling system has experienced a period of exploration,development,maturity and deepening.Currently,it consists of early childhood education and care,pre-primary education,basic education,general upper secondary education and vocational education with higher education.The advantages of the Finnish school system lie in the unique basic education setting,multi-dimensional student support system,education at all levels supported by public funds,a high degree of autonomy at each stage of education and a complete teacher education system.Entering the new historical period,the Finnish school system needs to address both the failure to achieve the desired goals and the increase in educational inequity.