浅析中国科技特派员制度的变迁及演化逻辑与动力机制

Analysis of the Evolution Logic and Dynamic Mechanism of the Policy Changes of China's Science and Technology Commissioners

科技特派员制度模式创新起源于福建南平。受1998年特大洪涝灾害的直接影响,南平人在破解“三农”困局过程中创造了闻名全国的“南平经验”,即“双向选择、按需选派、高位嫁接、重心下移、互动联动、一体运作”模式。随后,各地探索了科技扶贫工程、科技创业行动、“双十百千”工程等实践模式。在乡村振兴战略的实施过程中,科技特派员政策实施有助于提高农村农业的实际产量,推动我国农村经济体系的不断完善,切实提高我国农民群体的实际收入。科技特派员相关政策在我国经历了较长阶段的创新演化过程,其实施的本质目的是对我国农村科技服务内容的完善和创新,其演化的内在逻辑本质是一种以实践为基础的体制机制创新。我国科技特派员政策自试点并推广以来,由于受到宏观与微观、内部与外部等多方面因素的影响,不断进行着变迁与演化。在社会发展的新形势下,时代又对科技特派员政策提出了许多新的要求。本文主要从中国科技特派员政策变迁的演化逻辑分析出发,探讨了从政策产生到逐步变迁的动力机制,并在此基础上归纳了中国科技特派员政策发展的基本模式,以期为未来该项制度的进一步优化提供借鉴。

The innovation of science and technology commissioner system originated from Nanping,Fujian.Under the direct influence of the massive flood disaster in 1998,Nanping people created the national famous"Nanping experience"in the process of solving the dilemma of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers",that is,the mode of"two-way selection,selection according to demand,grafting at high level,moving the center of gravity downward,interactive linkage and integrated operation".Later,local governments explored practical models such as the science and technology poverty alleviation project,the science and technology entrepreneurship initiative,and the"Double Ten Hundred Thousand"project.During the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,the implementation of the policy of scientific and technological special commissioners will help increase the actual output of rural agriculture,promote the continuous improvement of country's rural economic system,and effectively increase the actual income of my country's farmers.The relevant policies of science and technology commissioners have experienced a long period of innovation and evolution in our country.The essential purpose of its implementation is to improve and innovate the content of rural science and technology services in my country.The internal logic of its evolution is essentially a practice-based approach institutional innovation.Since my country's science and technology commissioner policy was piloted and popularized,it has undergone continuous changes and evolution due to the influence of macro and micro,internal and external factors.Under the new situation of social development,the times have put forward many new requirements for the policy of science and technology commissioners.This paper mainly starts from the evolutionary logic analysis of the policy changes of China's science and technology commissioners,discusses the dynamic mechanism from policy generation to gradual change,and on this basis summarizes the basic model of China's science and technology commissioners'policy development,with a view to providing the system for further optimization.