姚贾优劣论:从文学史贡献的角度

The Theory of Superiority or Inferiority about"Yao Jia":from the Perspective of Contributions to the History of Literature

贾岛、姚合作为活跃于晚唐前期诗坛的代表诗人,二人生前交游密切,在接受史上并称为“姚贾”。姚、贾诗歌在体裁选择、创作手法和审美趣尚等方面均有相似,但二人生前的现实地位和身后的文学史接受却存在较大差异。方回提出“姚合学贾岛为诗”的论点,其中暗含着“扬贾抑姚”的内在逻辑。张震英先生不同意此说,并进一步强调姚合在姚贾诗派中的领袖地位。基于贾岛五律在推动中晚唐诗歌意象化的进程中所发挥的作用,及其“苦吟”诗学的文化精神对中晚唐诗学演进的重要意义,本文认为贾岛的文学史贡献大于姚合。

Jia Dao and Yao He,as the representative poets who were very productive in the early period of late Tang Dynasty,were known as"Yao Jia"in the history of acceptance.The poems of Yao and Jia are similar in genre,creation technique and aesthetic taste,but their status before their death and their acceptance by literary history after their death are quite different.Fang Hui put forward the argument that Yao learned poetry from Jia,which implied the inherent logic that Jia is better than Yao,while Chang Zhenying disagrees emphasized that Yao held the leadership in the Yao-jia School of poetry.Based on the role played by Jia′s five laws in promoting the process of poetic imagery and the significance of the cultural spirit of his"bitter recitation"poetics to the evolution of the poetics in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.This paper argues that Jia did more contribution to the history of literature than Yao.