五四文学男性出走问题研究

A Study on Male Fleeing in the May Fourth Literature

文学中的出走母题是新文学伊始就呈现出的重要叙事模式,集中表现了五四文学个性解放的诉求。但现有研究多集中于女性,而忽视了男性。事实上,五四文学的男性出走叙事在性别伦理、社会政治与文化生活以及个人情感与内心矛盾等方面都表现出了独特性。出走者以家为原点,走出家门、走出故乡甚至走出国门,进而走向社会、走入外乡乃至走进国外,完成从家到社会公共空间两个场域的转换,昭示他们在父子(辈)、夫妻、家国等关系中的挣扎。其历经的困顿、觉醒、筹备、行动、终局、后延(归家)等过程,反映出灵魂出走与肉体出走两种出走形态,透露出兼具多重身份的男性出走主体多层次、多方位的出走,反映出五四时期与五四文学中复杂的时代风貌。

The theme of fleeing in literature is an important narrative mode presented at the beginning of the new literature,which focuses on the appeal of personality liberation in the May Fourth Movement literature.Existing studies focus more on women rather than men.In fact,the narrative of male fleeing in May Fourth literature shows its uniqueness in gender ethics,social politics and cultural life,as well as personal feelings and inner contradictions.Taking home as their origin,departing people go out of the home,the hometown or even the country,entering into the society,the other country and the foreign countries,which complete the transformation from home to the two fields of social public space,indicating their struggle in the relationship between father and son(generation),husband and wife,family and country.The process of hardship,awakening,preparation,action,finality and postponement(returning home)reflects the two forms of fleeing:soul and body,reveals the multi-level and multi-dimensional fleeing of male escape subjects with multiple identities,reflecting the complex era style of the May Fourth period and the May Fourth literature.