收养行为无效后的财产关系处理

Discussion on the Settlement of Property Relations after the Invalidation of Adoption

在收养行为被确认无效后,需要重新审视基于收养行为而发生的财产流转问题。现行法下缺少可直接适用的规则,《民法典》第1113条针对收养行为无效之情形以及“自始没有法律约束力”的法律后果进行规定,但对收养行为被确认无效后之财产关系处理未作明确。处理因收养行为无效而附随产生的财产关系纠纷,无法完全剥离身份关系而径直适用纯粹的财产关系规则予以规制。在选择适用规范进路时,须区分不同类型的纠纷并紧密结合其无效事由进行判断,针对个案情形确定损害赔偿、不当得利返还以及无因管理给付的法律依据;在具体费用的确定上,应保持对相似情形的统一对待,原则上以被收养人常住地年度人均生活消费水平为依据,按照事实抚养年限予以逐年计算。

It is necessary to revisit the transfer of property after the adoption has been confirmed to be invalid.Under the current law,there is no directly applicable rule,with Article 1113 of the Civil Code only stipulating the circumstances of invalid adoption and the legal consequences of“no legal binding force from the beginning”but without clarifying the treatment of property relations after the invalidation of adoption.In dealing with disputes over property relations arising from the invalid adoption,it is impossible to regulate the issue only by pure property relations rules.When the court and parties select the applicable law approach,different types of disputes must be distinguished and judged in close connection with the causes of invalidation.And whereby the legal basis for damages,unjust enrichment and causeless management payments should be determined for each individual case.When determining the specific costs,an uniform treatment should be maintained for similar cases,in principle,and the annual per capita living consumption level of the adoptee s permanent residence should be used as the basis,and the years of de facto support should be calculated year by year.