初次全膝置换中氨甲环酸一种改良局部应用的效果分析

Effect analysis of a modified topical application of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty

背景:近些年来,氨甲环酸被广泛应用来应对全膝关节置换术中产生的大量失血,但局部应用的最佳方法还没有定论。目的:评估术中局部应用氨甲环酸联合物理加压包扎降低全膝关节置换围术期出血量的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月在西安市红会医院进行全膝关节置换的90例患者,根据术中氨甲环酸不同局部使用方法将患者分为3组,每组30例。加压包扎组将2 g氨甲环酸置于关节腔内,纱布和棉垫填塞伤口后使用绷带对伤口加压包扎;周围浸润组将2 g氨甲环酸注射到关节腔周围组织;腔内注射组将2 g氨甲环酸注射于关节腔内。统计分析3组患者的出血量、手术时间、凝血指标、炎症指标以及术后并发症。结果与结论:①在总失血量、隐性失血量、血红蛋白下降值方面,周围浸润组最少,加压包扎组和周围浸润组无统计学差异(P>0.05);在术中失血量方面,加压包扎组最少,且与周围浸润组、腔内注射组比较,均有统计学差异(P<0.05);在手术时长方面,3组患者比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);②3组患者术前,术后第1,3天凝血指标(D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物)和炎症指标(C-反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率)均无统计学差异(P>0.05);③3组患者在患肢血流缓慢、肌间静脉血栓、软组织肿胀、伤口并发症发生率方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05),且均未出现深静脉血栓和肺栓塞;④局部应用氨甲环酸联合加压包扎这一方式,在操作简单、减少围术期失血量方面达到与关节腔周围注射效果相同的同时,避免了反复穿刺带来的创伤,也未增加术后并发症的发生率,值得临床推广。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,tranexamic acid has been extensively used to mitigate the substantial blood loss associated with total knee arthroplasty.However,the optimal method of topical application has not yet been established.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative topical application of tranexamic acid combined with physical compression dressing in reducing perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Honghui Hospital in Xi’an from January 2021 to December 2022.Based on the different topical use methods of tranexamic acid during surgery,patients were divided into three groups,with 30 cases in each group.In the compression dressing group,2 g of tranexamic acid was placed in the articular cavity,and after packing the wound with gauze and cotton pads,a bandage was used to compress the wound.In the periarticular injection group,2 g of tranexamic acid was injected into the surrounding tissue of the articular cavity.In the intra-articular injection group,2 g of tranexamic acid was injected into the articular cavity.The blood loss,operation time,coagulation indicators,inflammatory indicators,and postoperative complications of the three groups were statistically analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In terms of total blood loss,hidden blood loss,and maximum hemoglobin drop,the periarticular injection group had the least amount,and there was no statistically significant difference between the compression dressing group and periarticular injection group(P>0.05).In terms of intraoperative blood loss,the compression dressing group had the least amount,and there were statistically significant differences compared with the periarticular injection group and intra-articular injection group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in operation time among the three groups(P>0.05).(2)There were no statistically significant differences in coagulation indicators(D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products)and inflammation indicators(C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate)among the three groups preoperatively and on the first and third days after operation(P>0.05).(3)There was no statistically significant difference observed among the three groups in terms of slow blood flow in the affected limb,intramuscular venous thrombosis,soft tissue swelling,and incidence of wound complications(P>0.05).Additionally,no cases of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism were detected in any of the groups.(4)The topical application of tranexamic acid combined with compression dressing achieves the same effect as a periarticular injection in terms of simplicity of operation and reduced perioperative blood loss.This method also avoids the trauma caused by repeated punctures and does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications,making it a worthwhile option for clinical promotion.