基料添加艾草秸秆对平菇生长及品质的影响

Impacts from Adding Artemisia argyi Straw into Substrates on Growth and Quality of Pleurotus ostreatus

为促进秸秆的资源化利用,通过装袋栽培法,设100%稻草(CK1)、100%玉米秸秆(CK2)、100%艾草秸秆(CK3)、稻草60%+玉米秸秆20%+艾草秸秆20%(T1)、稻草20%+玉米秸秆60%+艾草秸秆20%(T2)、稻草20%+玉米秸秆20%+艾草秸秆60%(T3)、33%稻草+33%玉米秸秆+33%艾草秸秆(T4)共7个处理,研究稻草、玉米秸秆和艾草秸秆的基料化利用对平菇生长及品质的影响。结果表明,100%稻草(CK1)或100%玉米秸秆(CK2)处理限制平菇菌丝体生长,现蕾出菇所需时间较长,平菇生物量和生物学效率均最低,而3种秸秆混合基料则有利于提升菌丝生长速度和生物学效率,且生物量较CK1和CK2分别增加112%~188%和38.9%~88.9%;适量(20%、33%)添加艾草秸秆较单一艾草秸秆处理(CK3)平菇可溶性蛋白含量增加32.2%~52.9%,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和总酚含量有所提升;混合基料各处理(T1~T4)可一定程度增加平菇多酚氧化酶活性,还原糖含量较CK1、CK2和CK3处理分别提升10.0%~103.3%、26.9%~134.6%和32.0%~144.0%。综上可知,3种秸秆的混合基料可用于平菇栽培,适量添加艾草秸秆有利于改善平菇品质。研究结果可为秸秆资源的综合利用提供理论支撑。

To improve the resource utilization of straws,an experiment was conducted with rice straw,corn stalk and Artemisia argyi straw,in which the growth and quality of pleurotus ostreatus was investigated.In this research,7 different substrate combinations were compared,including 100%rice straw(CK1),100%corn stalk(CK2),100%Artemisia argyi straw(CK3),60%rice straw+20%corn stalk+20%Artemisia argyi straw(T1)、20%rice straw+60%corn stalk+20%Artemisia argyi straw(T2),20%rice straw+20%corn stalk+60%Artemisia argyi straw(T3)and 33%rice straw+33%corn stalk+33%Artemisia argyi straw(T4).The results showed that the growth of mycelium was limited under 100%rice straw(CK1)or 100%corn stalk(CK2)treatment and it required more time for budding,which resulted in the lowest yields and bioconversion efficiencies under both of these two treatments.In contrast,the mixed treatments(T1~T4)improved the average growth rate of mycelium and the bioconversion efficiency,and the yield was increased by 112%~188%and 38.9%~88.9%compared respectively to CK1 and CK2.Comparing with the 100%Artemisia argyi straw treatment(CK3),the 20%or 33%Artemisia argyi straw treatment showed a certain increase in isoleucine,leucine,lysine and total phenol content and an increase by 32.2%~52.9%in soluble protein content.Compared with CK1,CK2 and CK3 treatments,the polyphenol oxidase activity increased to a certain extent,and the reducing sugar content increased by 10.0%~103.3%,26.9%~134.6%and 32.0%~144.0%under the mixed treatments(T1~T4),respectively.This study suggested that the mixed substrates of these three straws were suitable for the cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus.In addition,the appropriate addition of Artemisia argyi straw was beneficial to improve pleurotus ostreatus quality.The results could provide theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of straw resources.