滇中灵芝和可食灵芝生物学特性及驯化

Biological Characteristics and Domestication of Ganoderma dianzhongense and G.esculentum

采用单因素实验和正交实验研究滇中灵芝(Ganoderma dianzhongense)和可食灵芝(G.esculentum)菌株的生物学特性,并进行驯化,测定其农艺性状和子实体的主要活性成分。结果表明:滇中灵芝菌丝生长最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为葡萄糖、酵母粉和三氯化铁,最适pH为6.0,最适培养温度为26℃;可食灵芝菌丝生长最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为麦芽糖、硫酸铵和三氯化铁,最适pH为5.0,最适培养温度为28℃。通过小孔开袋覆土栽培法,首次成功获得滇中灵芝和可食灵芝子实体,滇中灵芝菌株的生物学效率为12.08%,子实体总三萜和多糖含量分别为1.05%和0.91%;可食灵芝菌株的生物学效率为8.97%,子实体总三萜和多糖含量分别为1.13%和0.97%。研究结果可为云南高原特色灵芝资源发掘利用、新品种选育提供有益参考。

Two Ganoderma species,G.dianzhongense and G.esculentum,were studied for biological characteristics by single factor and orthogonal experiments,domesticated,and then measured for agronomic traits and main active components of artificially cultivated fruiting bodies.The results showed that the optimal conditions for mycelial growth of G.dianzhongense were glucose,yeast powder,ferric chloride,pH6.0 and 26℃.The optimal conditions for mycelial growth of G.esculentum were maltose,ammonium sulfate,ferric chloride,pH5.0 and 28℃.Using the cultivation method of making a small opening on the top of each cultivation bag and then covering the opening with casing soil,fruiting bodies of G.dianzhongense and G.esculentum were successfully obtained for the first time.The biological efficiency,triterpene content and polysaccharide content of G.dianzhongense were 12.08%,1.05%and 0.91%,respectively.The biological efficiency,triterpene content and polysaccharide content of G.esculentum were 8.97%,1.13%and 0.97%,respectively.The results provided a reference for the exploration and utilization of Ganoderma resources in Yunnan plateau and breeding of new varieties.