黑牛肝菌黑色素抗氧化活性和稳定性及染发效果

Antioxidant Activity,Stability and Application of Melanin Obtained from Phlebopus portentosus

采用碱溶酸沉法提取黑牛肝菌(Phlebopus portentosus)发酵液得粗提物,经有机溶剂(氯仿、异戊醇、无水乙醇)反萃取及超纯水洗涤,采用高效液相色谱、紫外全波长扫描及傅里叶红外光谱法对纯化物进行鉴定,并对其抗氧化活性及对金属离子、氧化剂、还原剂和温度的稳定性进行分析,最后探究其染发效果。结果表明:纯化物提取率为0.44 g·L^(-1),高效液相色谱测定该纯化物纯度较高,经紫外全波长扫描其最大吸收波长为209 nm,傅里叶红外光谱解析显示该纯化物为黑色素。在实验范围内,1 mg·mL^(-1)黑牛肝菌黑色素对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分别为(75.90±2.85)%、(72.34±1.33)%和(85.45±1.22)%,其总还原力为1.04。FeCl_(2)、KCl、CaCl_(2)溶液可显著影响黑牛肝菌黑色素的稳定性(P<0.05);在H_(2)O_(2)和Na_(2)SO_(3)存在时该黑色素稳定性降低;在实验设定温度范围内,该黑色素在60℃时热稳定性较好。该黑色素可将白发染成棕红色,且染色稳定性良好。研究结果为黑牛肝菌黑色素进一步开发利用提供参考。

Fermentation broth of Phlebopus portentosus was initially extracted by the alkaline dissolution and acid precipitation method to yield a crude extract.Then the crude extract was further purified by stripping with organic solvents(chloroform,isoamyl alcohol,anhydrous ethanol)and washing with ultrapure water.The purified product was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography,UV full wavelength scanning,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The antioxidant activity and stability against metal ions,oxidants,reducers,and temperature of the purified product were analyzed,and its hair dyeing effect was explored.The results showed that the extraction rate of the purified product was 0.44 g·L^(-1).Its purity was high as determined by HPLC,and the maximum absorption wavelength was 209 nm by UV full wavelength scanning.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the purified product was melanin.Within the experimental ragne,the scavenging rates of 1 mg·mL^(-1)P.portentosus melanin on DPPH,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion radical were(75.90±2.85)%,(72.34±1.33)%,and(85.45±1.22)%,respectively,and its total reducing power was 1.04.FeCl_(2),KCl,and CaCl_(2)solutions significantly affected the stability of the P.portentosus melanin(P<0.05).The stability of the P.portentosus melanin decreased in the presence of H_(2)O_(2)and Na_(2)SO_(3).Within the experimental temperature range,the P.portentosus melanin showed good thermal stability at 60℃.The P.portentosus melanin dyed white hair into a brownish red color with good dyeing stability.These results provided a reference for further development and utilization of melanin from P.portentosus.