2000—2020年中国地下水开采时空演变特征

Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of groundwater mining in China from 2000 to 2020

采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、重心模型和标准差椭圆法研究了2000—2020年我国地下水开采时间变化特征、空间分布特征和重心迁移过程。结果表明:2000—2020年我国地下水开采量呈现波动性减少趋势,年均递减率为0.83%;华北地区在严格的地下水开采管理、地下水超采综合治理和南水北调工程共同作用下,地下水开采量得以压减,东北地区和西北地区由于黑龙江、新疆农业经济发展,地下水开采量明显增加;我国地下水开采重心主要分布在河北、山西和内蒙古交界处,有向西北方向偏移的趋势,地下水开采空间分布格局由东北—西南方向逐渐偏转为东—西方向,方向性趋势也更为明显。

The Mann-Kendall trend test method,gravity center model,and standard deviation ellipse method were used to study the temporal variation characteristics,spatial distribution characteristics,and the evolution process of gravity center migration of groundwater mining in China from 2000 to 2020.The results indicate that since the 21st century,the amount of groundwater mining in China has shown a fluctuating decreasing trend on the whole,with an average annual decay rate of 0.83%.Under the influences of strict groundwater mining management,comprehensive control of groundwater overmining,and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the amount of groundwater mining in North China has been reduced.Due to the development of agricultural economy in Heilongjiang Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the amounts of groundwater mining in northeast and northwest regions have increased significantly.The gravity center of groundwater mining is mainly distributed in the junction of Hebei Province,Shanxi Province,and Inner Mongolia Municipality,and has a tendency to move to the northwest.The spatial distribution pattern of groundwater mining has gradually deflected from northeast-southwest direction to east-west direction,with more significant directional trend.