机械化秸秆还田技术体系及配套机具

Mechanized Straw Returning Technology System and Supporting Equipment

玉米秸秆直接还田技术主要是通过农用机械将玉米整株秸秆或者粉碎后的秸秆,进行地表覆盖或者埋入土中还田,是秸秆综合利用技术中最简单、便捷和高效的利用方式,是东北地区重点推广的技术。秸秆直接还田,能增加土壤的有机质含量,培肥土壤地力,减少化肥的使用量,提高秸秆的利用率,同时还能减少秸秆焚烧带来的环境污染问题。东北地区主要的秸秆直接还田技术模式有秸秆覆盖还田、秸秆翻埋还田和秸秆碎混还田。系统阐述了三种还田技术模式及配套机器的结构、工作原理、技术参数和性能特点。

The technology of returning corn stalk directly to the field is mainly to cover the whole corn stalk or crushed corn stalk on the ground or bury it in the soil for returning to the field through agricultural machinery.It is the most simple,convenient and efficient way of straw comprehensive utilization technology,and it is a key technology to be promoted in Northeast China.Returning straw directly to the field can increase the content of organic matter in the soil,fertilize the soil fertility,reduce the use of fertilizer,improve the utilization rate of straw,and reduce the environmental pollution caused by straw burning.The main technical models of straw direct return to the field in Northeast China include straw mulching return,straw burying return and straw mixture return.This paper describes the structure,working principle,technical parameters and performance characteristics of the above three technical models and supporting machines.