不正当竞争行为司法认定的“泛道德化”倾向及其矫正

The Pan-moralization Tendency of the Judicial Recognition of Unfair Competition and Its Rectification

在知识产权不正当竞争案件与网络不正当竞争案件中,道德因素较易成为人民法院评价行为正当性的实质依据,继而造成“泛道德化”倾向。受其影响,人民法院可能作出不正当竞争行为的误判,从而妨碍企业的自主经营,妨碍经济资源的充分利用和相关市场的自由竞争。为矫正“泛道德化”倾向,人民法院应主动审查涉案行为是否归属自由竞争的范畴。行为未违反反垄断法、知识产权法,是行为归属自由竞争范畴的必要条件。当违反前述法律时,涉案行为应依据前述法律认定处理。不违反前述法律的行为,很可能被自由竞争秩序容许。同时,不违反前述法律并非行为合法的充分条件,涉案行为在符合特定标准时仍可构成不正当竞争,适用“比例失衡”标准与“严重妨碍正常经营”标准可避免该倾向。

In intellectual property unfair competition cases and network unfair competition cases,moral factors are more likely to become the substantive basis for the people􀆶s courts to evaluate the legitimacy of behavior,which then leads to the tendency of pan-moralization.Under its influence,the people's court is prone to make a miscarriage of unfair competition,which hinders the independent operation of enterprises,hinders the full use of economic resources and free competition in relevant markets.To rectify the pan-moralization,the people's court should actively examine whether the involved behavior belongs to the category of free competition.The fact that the behavior does not violate the anti-monopoly law and the intellectual property law is a necessary condition for the behavior to belong to the free competition category.When violating these laws,the involved behavior shall be determined and dealt with in accordance with these laws.Acts that do not violate these laws are likely to be allowed by the order of free competition.At the same time,not violating the above-mentioned laws is not a sufficient condition for the legality of the behavior.The behavior involved in the case can still constitute an act of unfair competition when it meets the specific standards.The application of the“proportion imbalance”standard and the“serious disruption of normal operations”standard can avoid this tendency.