基于小儿体质特殊性构建小儿体质辨识体系

Children's constitution identification system based on the special characteristics of children's constitution

小儿从出生至成年,是一个不断生长发育的过程。此过程并非单纯是量的增加,即小儿并非成人的缩影。除了量的增加以外,其机体形态与各器官的功能均易受到先天禀赋和后天各种内外因素的影响,生理、心理上均呈现阶段性差异,稳定性差、易于改变;加之小儿心智发育尚未成熟,不善表达,传统量表可能无法对其体质准确测评和判断。小儿体质具有6个特殊性:阶段性、可塑性、偏颇性、趋同性、两重性、病合性。提出从年龄分期、基础体质、个性体质3个维度建立新的小儿体质辨识体系。辨识小儿体质,要在保持中医特色的前提下,坚持科学性和客观性,与时俱进,同时,不夸大体质的适用范围。

For children,the continuous development from birth to adulthood is not simply an increase in quantity;that is,children are not small adults.In addition to the quantitative growth,children's body shapes and functions of various organs are easily affected by congenital foundations and postnatal factors.Accordingly,their physical and emotional states vary in different stages,which mainly feature as poor stability and high mutability.Thus,the traditional scales may not be able to accurately evaluate and judge children's constitution due to their mental immaturity and poor expression ability.Based on the six special characteristics of children's constitution(i.e.stages,mutability,partiality,convergence,duality,and disease compatibility),we propose to establish a new identification system of children's constitution from three dimensions(i.e.age staging,basic constitution,and individualized constitution).To identify children's constitutions,it is necessary to preserve the characteristics of Chinese medicine and adhere to the spirit of science and objectivity to keep up with the times.At the same time,the application scope of constitution should not be overstated.