欧盟经贸立法:动向、特点与对华影响

The EU’s Economic and Trade Legislation: New Developments and Implications for China

自2020年以来,欧盟接连以“安全”“人权”“环保”“公平竞争”等名义制定或实施一系列经贸立法,并将中国企业、实体和供应链作为重点限制对象,在相当程度上塑造了中欧经贸关系的新常态。这些法案均以保护和增强欧盟产业竞争力为核心目标,凸显政治和意识形态考量,单方面赋予欧方“长臂管辖权”和自由裁量权,是欧盟应对大国经济竞争的重要手段。相关法案将大幅提高中国企业对欧出口合规成本和投资准入门槛,阻碍欧洲企业对华投资和技术溢出,限制中国参与国际经贸前沿议题规则制定。对此,中国需以更加精准有力的措施综合应对,维护本国企业、实体合法权益和供应链安全稳定,推动中欧经贸关系健康发展。

Since 2020, the EU has enacted or implemented a series of economic and trade legislation on the grounds of security, human rights, environmental protection, and fair competition, with Chinese companies, entities, and China-related supply chains being the primary targets. To some extent, this has shaped a new normal of China- EU economic and trade relations. As an important means for the EU to cope with the economic competition among major powers, these regulations aim to enhance the competitiveness of EU industries, highlight the EU’s political and ideological considerations, and unilaterally grant the EU long-arm jurisdiction and discretionary power. The regulations will notably increase the compliance costs for Chinese exports to Europe, raise the access thresholds for Chinese investments in Europe, impede the investment and technological spillover of European enterprises in China, and limit China’s participation in the rules-making on cutting-edge global economic and trade issues. In this regard, China needs precise and powerful measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises and entities, and ensure the security and stability of its supply chains, to facilitate the healthy development of China-EU economic and trade relations.