黄芪抗肿瘤药理作用机制与临床应用研究进展

Antitumor Pharmacological Mechanism and Clinical Application of Astragali Radix in Tumor:A Review

扶正、祛邪是中医治疗肿瘤的两大治则。近年来免疫治疗在肿瘤领域中取得了突破性进展,与中医“养正积自除”的理念有异曲同工之处。黄芪是扶正类的代表药物,有扶正祛邪、利水消肿、活血通络之效,被广泛应用于肿瘤疾病的治疗。黄芪主要通过黄芪多糖、黄芪皂苷等活性成分发挥抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制包括增强机体免疫功能,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,干扰肿瘤细胞周期,抑制细胞增殖,抑制肿瘤细胞迁移、侵袭和血管生成,逆转肿瘤细胞耐药等。黄芪桂枝五物汤、黄芪建中汤、补中益气汤等以黄芪为主药的经方以及黄芪注射液、参芪扶正注射液、贞芪扶正胶囊、康艾注射液等中成药常被用来治疗肿瘤及其并发症。在肿瘤疾病的不同阶段、不同兼证中,黄芪的用量及配伍也常随之改变。

Reinforcing healthy qi and dispelling pathogenic factors are the two major principles of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of tumors.In recent years,immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress in the field of oncology,aligning with the TCM concept of“nourishing the body′s healthy qi while eliminating the pathogenic factors”.Astragali Radix is a representative Chinese medicine for reinforcing healthy qi and has effects such as reinforcing healthy qi,dispelling pathogenic factors,promoting diuresis,reducing swelling,activating blood circulation,and dredging collaterals.It is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases.Astragali Radix mainly exerts its antitumor effects through active components such as Astragalus polysaccharides and astragalosides.Its mechanism of action include enhancing the body′s immune function,inducing tumor cell apoptosis,interfering with the cell cycle of tumor cells,inhibiting cell proliferation,suppressing tumor cell migration,invasion,and angiogenesis,and reversing tumor cell drug resistance.Prescriptions such as Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction,Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction,and Buzhong Yiqi Decoction,which are mainly composed of Astragali Radix,as well as Huangqi Injection,Shenqi Fuzheng Injection,Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules,and Kang′ai Injection,which are Chinese patent medicines,are commonly used to treat tumors and their complications.The dosage and compatibility of Astragali Radix may vary depending on the different stages and associated symptoms of tumor diseases.