应急领导力:应急管理能力现代化的关键环节

Emergency Leadership:A Key Component of the Modernization of Emergency Management Capabilities

应急领导力是微观尺度应急管理能力现代化的核心,也是非常态情境中亟待进行理论建构的重要领导力类型。从概念范畴来看,应急领导力包含一条效能标准,即突发事件处理后的组织绩效不低于突发事件发生之前;表现出两项行为特征,即果断决策和有效沟通;扮演三类管理角色,即风险预警者、应急驾驭者和成长学习者;拥有四种能力素质,即未雨绸缪的战略思维能力、转危为机的应急处置能力、经事长智的应急学习能力、处乱不惊的心理韧性能力。应急管理能力是应急领导力概念的本土化延展,可以划分为内隐性的通用能力和外显性的胜任素质。前者指应急领导力,后者指个体层面的应急知识技能和组织层面的应急规则运用。未来应急领导力研究可以按整合-混合型理论进路、分类分级能力进路、测量工具进路和应急决策模式进路展开。

Emergency leadership is the core of the modernization of emergency management capabilities at the micro level,and it is also an important type of leadership that urgently needs theoretical construction in abnormal situations.From a conceptual perspective,emergency leadership includes an efficiency standard,that is,the organizational performance after handling emergencies is not lower than before the occurrence of emergencies;following two behavioral characteristics,namely making decisive decisions and communicating effectively;playing three types of management roles,namely risk warning personnel,emergency drivers,and growth learners;possessing four abilities and qualities,namely strategic thinking ability to prepare for emergencies,emergency response ability to turn crises into opportunities,emergency learning ability to handle emergencies with intelligence,and psychological resilience ability to handle situations without panic.Emergency management capability is a localized extension of the concept of emergency leadership,which can be divided into implicit universal capabilities and explicit competence.The former refers to emergency leadership.The latter refers to the application of emergency knowledge and skills at the individual level and emergency rules at the organizational level.Future emergency leadership research can be carried out according to the integrated hybrid theoretical approach,classification and grading capability approach,development of measurement tools approach,and emergency decision-making mode selection approach.