生态移民对西北地区生态环境的影响研究综述

Review of Research on the Impact ofEcological Migration on the EcologicalEnvironment in Northwest China

在过去几十年里,我国经济取得了巨大的发展。然而,多地区出现的生态环境退化问题也日益突出。为缓解人与自然在社会发展过程中出现的尖锐矛盾,我国在20世纪90年代开始了生态移民计划。生态移民政策旨在将生态环境脆弱、经济落后地区的人口搬迁到宜居地区,这必然导致生态环境的改变。西北地区拥有多个国家级自然保护区,是我国重要的生态屏障。因此,本文从草地生态资源、水资源、森林生态资源、耕地生态资源以及地区生物量等方面总结了生态移民对西北地区生态环境的影响,为后续生态移民规划及生态环境保护政策的制定提供了基础资料。

Over the past few decades,China has achieved tremendous economic development.However,the problem of environmental degradation in multiple regions has also become increasingly prominent.In order to alleviate the acute conflicts between man and nature in the process of social development,China started an ecological migration program in the 1990s.Ecological migration policies aim to relocate populations from ecologically fragile and economically backward areas to livable areas,which inevitably leads to changes in the ecological environment.The Northwest China have several national nature reserves,which are important ecological barriers in China.Therefore,this paper summarizes the impact of ecological migration on the ecological environment of Northwest China in the aspects of grassland resources,water resources,forest resources,arable land resources,and regional biomass,and provides basic information for subsequent ecological migration planning and ecological environment restoration after migration.