东北三省收缩城市的基本公共服务均等化收缩效应与机理解析

RESEARCH ON THE SHRINKING EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF BASIC PUBLIC SERVICE EQUALIZATION IN SHRINKING CITIES OF THREE PROVINCES IN NORTHEAST CHINA

城市收缩是当前中国快速城镇化进程中的一个新事物,给传统基于“增长情景模拟”的城市规划范式带来了极大的冲击与挑战。该文据此围绕基本公共服务均等化,选取我国收缩城市最集中的东北三省,就其收缩效应及其内在作用机理展开实证分析。结果表明:(1)基本公共服务均等化水平整体呈上升趋势、但整体水平较低且空间分异明显;(2)15个收缩城市呈现出明显的基本服务均等化收缩效应,并表征出明显的阶段性、类型性和空间分布特征;(3)基本公共服务均等化评价是一个基于总量与人均指标、“存量”与“变量”指标综合权衡的结果产物,内在逻辑遵循“发展要素‘外流’→发展机会被空间剥夺→地方财政税收锐减→地方政府基本公共服务供给水平受限”的演化规律,而且这是一个互为因果的耦合过程。

Urban shrinkage is a new phenomenon in the current process of rapid urbanization in China.Whether it will have an impact on the implementation of the"people-oriented"new urbanization strategy and the implementation of national land and space planning,and how to respond,has become a key scientific issue to be resolved as a priority in the implementation of high-quality development at the national and local levels in the new era.Based on this,this paper selects three provinces in Northeast China with typical urban shrinkage phenomenon and the most concentrated shrinking cities on the core topic of equalization of basic public services,and carries out the diagnosis of shrinking city effect and the empirical verification of development stage,shrinkage type and spatial distribution.The results show that:(1)The 15 shrinking cities in northeast China show an obvious shrinking effect of basic public service equalization,and the score decreases with the evolution of shrinking development stage,and different development stages show the common characteristics,the level of medical hygiene equality is the lowest and the level of environmental protection equality is the highest.(2)Spatially,it shows the spatial division of"high in the south and low in the north,high in the middle and low in the side";(3)The evaluation of the basic public services equalization is a result of the comprehensive balance between the total index and per capita index,the"stock"and the"variable"index.