郑州汪沟遗址仰韶文化居民的人口特征

Demographic Characteristics of Population of Wanggou Site,Zhengzhou,during Yangshao Culture Period

汪沟遗址是位于黄河中游地区的一处仰韶文化晚期墓葬群,通过对汪沟遗址出土人骨的人口学分析,我们得出以下结论:在210例个体中,性别明确者180例,鉴定率为85.71%;年龄段明确者192例,鉴定率为91.43%。汪沟组的平均死亡年龄为29.21岁(n=172),男性平均死亡年龄为31.15岁(n=91),女性平均死亡年龄为31.77岁(n=81),死亡高峰期为壮年期(57.81%);汪沟组的平均预期寿命为31.06岁,男性平均预期寿命为32.94岁,女性平均预期寿命为33.92岁。经比较,以汪沟遗址为代表的仰韶文化晚期人群的人均寿命是仰韶文化的高峰,显著高于新石器时代的平均水平,这反映出汪沟居民在生存环境和资源获取方面的优势;通过对中原地区人口资料的对比分析,我们发现古代居民的平均死亡年龄从仰韶晚期到宋代整体呈现增长趋势。

Wanggou site,located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,is a cemetery of people living during the Late Yangshao Culture.After the demographic analysis of the human bones excavated from the site,we have drawn some conclusions as follows:we can determine the sex of bones in 180 cases out of 210 cases,the detectability of which is 85.71%,and there are 192 cases with clear age group,so the detectability is 91.43%.The mean age at death of people in Wanggou is 29.21 years old(n=172),the male's is 31.15 years(n=91),while the female's is 31.77 years(n=81),and the death fastigium is in post-adolescence(57.81%).The life expectancy of people is an average of about 31.06 years,the male's is 32.94,while the female's is 33.92 years.By comparison,the mean life expectancy of people in the late Yangshao culture represented by the Wanggou site is the peak of the Yangshao culture,and is significantly higher than the average level of the Neolithic Age,which reflects the advantages of Wanggou residents in terms of living environment and resource acquisition.Through the comparative analysis of the demographic data of Central China,it is found that the average age of death of ancient people had been increasing from the Late Yangshao Age to the Song Dynasty.