云南德宏州烤烟种植环境因子分析及区划研究

Research on Environmental Factors Analysis and Regional Division of Tobacco Planting Area in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province

为探索德宏州不同植烟区环境因子的特点,提高德宏冬春烟的烟叶质量稳定性,对德宏州烤烟种植区进行环境分析和区划研究,以当地2017—2021年的气象资料以及海拔和土壤信息为基础,利用SPSS软件筛选对烤烟生长影响较大的大田期气候因子以及土壤等因子进行聚类分析.结果显示,德宏各县(市)烟草种植区海拔跨度较大,梁河平均海拔最高,盈江最低.陇川的月日照时数显著高于芒市和盈江地区(P<0.05),其他气候因子差异不明显,土壤因子方面芒市的pH、有机质和碱解氮含量都显著高于其他地区(P<0.05),各地区土壤中大量元素的含量都在中等级及以上.经过区域划分,德宏州烤烟种植区可按照县(市)分为两大类生态区域,芒市和盈江为Ⅰ类生态区(德宏南北部植烟区),梁河和陇川为Ⅱ类生态区(德宏中部植烟区).生态环境研究结果与当地实际情况基本一致,德宏州不同地区海拔差异明显,根据各植烟地区环境因子的不同选择适宜的移栽时间和移栽方式,对提高烟叶产质量和风格特征具有重要作用,本次区划研究结果对于德宏州烟叶的生产布局具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.

In order to explore the characteristics of environmental factors in different tobacco planting areas in Dehong Prefecture,and improve the quality stability of winter and spring tobacco leaves in Dehong,environmental analysis and zoning research were conducted on the tobacco planting areas in Dehong Prefecture.Based on the local meteorological data,altitude and soil information from 2017 to 2021,the SPSS software was used to screen the field climate factors and soil factors that have main impact on the growth of flue⁃cured tobacco,and cluster analysis was carried out.The results show that,the altitude span of tobacco planting areas in 4 counties(cities)of Dehong is 977.56—1189.75 m.The monthly sunshine hours in Longchuan are significantly higher than those in Mangshi and Yingjiang(P<0.05).There is no significant difference in other climate factors.In terms of soil factors,the pH,organic matter and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content in Mangshi are significantly higher than those in other regions(P<0.05).The content of large elements in the soil in each region is medium or above.Through regional division,Dehong tobacco planting area can be divided into two types of ecological areas according to the county(city).Mangshi and Yingjiang are Class I ecological areas(Tobacco planting areas in the north and south of Dehong),and Lianghe and Longchuan are Class II ecological areas(Dehong Central Tobacco Planting Area).The ecological environment research results are basically consistent with the local actual situation,and there are significant differences in altitude in different regions of Dehong Prefecture.Choosing the appropriate transplanting time and method based on the different environmental factors in each tobacco planting area plays an important role in improving the quality and style characteristics of tobacco production.The results of this zoning study also provide certain reference value and guiding significance for the production layout of tobacco in Dehong Prefecture.