全要素生产率再审视——基于政治经济学视角

Total Factor Productivity Revisited: Based on the Perspective of Political Economy

全要素生产率虽是西方主流经济学的常见概念,但从思想缘起看,马克思关于提高劳动生产率的认识中蕴含着全要素生产率思想。作为社会化生产条件下劳动生产率的重要内容,全要素生产率进一步体现在两种含义的“社会必要劳动时间”范畴上。从马克思主义政治经济学视角重新审视全要素生产率,并将其纳入中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系之中,是中国特色社会主义政治经济学“不忘本来、吸收外来、面向未来”的生动写照。实践层面,经济长期高速发展带来生产方式变迁,基于新古典增长理论的传统增长核算不再适用于中国全要素生产率的实践检验,有必要从马克思的生产劳动理论出发,明确生产劳动所涉部门,由此测算得出的全要素生产率及其变动情况更具针对性。立足新时代新征程,作为实现我国经济高质量发展的关键抓手,着力提高全要素生产率需平衡好长期与短期、供给与需求、总量与结构等多个方面,在供需协调发展中推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革和动力变革。

Although total factor productivity(TFP)is a common concept in mainstream Western economics,from the origins of the idea,it is embedded in Marx's understanding of increasing labor productivity.As an important element of labor productivity under socialized production conditions,TFP is further reflected in the category of"socially necessary labor time"in two senses.The re-examination of TFP from the perspective of Marxist political economy and its incorporation into the theoretical system of socialist political economy y with Chinese characteristics epitomizes the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics,which adheres to its original principles,assimilates foreign concepts,and embraces a forward-looking vision.At the practical level,as a result of the changes in production patterns brought about by long-term rapid economic development,the traditional growth accounting based on neoclassical growth theory is no longer applicable to the practical examination of TFP in China.To address this issue,it is necessary to start with Marx's theory of productive labor and to identify the sectors involved in productive labor,so that the TFP and its fluctuations can be measured in a more relevant way.In the context of the new era and new journey,as a key grasp to achieve high-quality development of China's economy,efforts to improve total factor productivity need to balance long-term and short-term,supply and demand,aggregate quantity and structural aspects,in the coordinated development of supply and demand to drive transformative changes in the quality,efficiency,and motive forces of economic development.