基于ABC-X模型糖尿病视网膜病变患者自我管理行为现状及影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of self-management behavior of patients with diabetic retinopathy based on the ABC-X model

目的基于ABC-X模型调查糖尿病视网膜病变患者自我管理行为现状并分析影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年5—9月于河南省人民医院眼科住院的315例糖尿病视网膜病变患者,采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)、糖尿病痛苦量表(DDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查。共发放315份问卷,回收有效问卷305份,有效回收率为96.8%。结果305例糖尿病视网膜病变患者SDSCA得分为(39.59±9.49)分,DDS得分为(37.44±10.53)分,SSRS得分为(37.42±3.65)分;自我管理行为与住院次数、社会支持均成正相关(P<0.01),与心理痛苦成负相关(P<0.01)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,居住地类型、病程、住院次数、糖尿病心理痛苦及社会支持是糖尿病视网膜病变患者自我管理行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病视网膜病变患者自我管理行为水平有待提高,医护人员应开展针对性的干预措施,改善其生活质量及预后。

Objective To explore the status quo and influencing factors of self-management behavior of patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)based on the ABC-X model.MethodsTotally 315 DR patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Ophthalmology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May to September 2022 were selected by convenience sampling and investigated with the general information questionnaire,Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities(SDSCA),Diabetes Distress Scale(DDS)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).A total of 315 questionnaires were distributed,and 305 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 96.8%.ResultsThe SDSCA,DDS and SSRS scores of 305 DR patients were(39.59±9.49),(37.44±10.53)and(37.42±3.65),respectively;self-management behavior was positively correlated with the number of hospitalizations and social support(P<0.01),negatively correlated with psychological distress(P<0.01).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the type of residence,course of disease,number of hospitalizations,psychological distress of diabetes and social support were the influencing factors of self-management behavior of DR patients(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe level of self-management behavior of DR patients is yet to be improved.Medical and nursing staff should provide targeted interventions to improve their quality of life and prognosis.