马克思对黑格尔辩证法批判的哲学“范式转换”意蕴——基于《巴黎手稿》黑格尔批判部分的分析

The Philosophical"Paradigm Transformation"Implication of Marx's Criticism of Hegel's Dialectic:Analysis Based on the Criticism of Hegel in the Paris Manuscript

马克思在《巴黎手稿》“对黑格尔的辩证法和整个哲学的批判”部分对黑格尔的第二次系统批判,蕴含着哲学范式转换的重大理论意义。在此批判中,辩证法所依赖的存在论基础及立足其上的能动性原则不断发生位移和质变,从而呈现为诸种哲学范式之间的对话交锋。马克思借由费尔巴哈哲学对黑格尔“绝对-自我意识”范式进行批判性分析,揭露了黑格尔辩证法的神秘外观并拯救了黑格尔哲学的积极成果。同时,马克思在肯定费尔巴哈“人本学-对象性意识”范式通达现实的基础上反对其感性直观和非历史性,并重构了现实范畴,由此,马克思的“劳动-对象性活动”范式得以生成。而这一新范式,恰恰成为马克思开启哲学革命的理论基石,并进一步具体化发展为“生产-历史性活动”范式,引导哲学革命进一步深化为政治经济学批判,因而具有重要的哲学史变革意义。

Marx's second systematic criticism of Hegel in the"criticism of Hegel's Dialectic and the whole philosophy"part of Paris Manuscript contains the great theoretical significance of philosophical paradigm transformation.In this criticism,the ontological basis on which Dialectic relies and the principle of initiative based on it constantly shift and qualitatively change,thus presenting a dialogue between various philosophical paradigms.As a result,Marx's"labor object activity"paradigm was generated.This new paradigm has just become the theoretical cornerstone of Marx's philosophical revolution,and further materialized into the"production historical activity"paradigm,leading the philosophical revolution to further deepen into the criticism of political economy,so it has important significance for the reform of the history of philosophy.