基层治理中的韧性社区建设研究

Research on Resilient Community Construction in Grassroots Governance

基层治理是国家治理的根基,社区治理是基层治理的关键。人们从衣食住行到生老病死,大部分活动都发生在社区,社区是人们交往和利益关联的最前沿阵地,也是社会问题和社会矛盾突显的场域。因此,社区治理成为预防和化解社会矛盾的源头防线。城市化的推进对社区治理提出了更多新要求。党的十九届四中全会进一步提出推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化和健全城乡基层治理体系。推进韧性社区建设,成为新时期提升社区治理现代化水平的关键环节。通过对新中国成立后我国城市基层治理的发展历程进行梳理和分析,为基层治理和社区创新建设提供理论依托和实践思考;再结合当前社区治理中突显的矛盾,如城市公共安全事件频发与社区抗灾能力不足之间的矛盾、社区负担过重与社区人力资源有限之间的矛盾、居民需求多样化与参与治理意愿不足之间的矛盾等;提出建设韧性社区回应基层治理难题;并从提升物理韧性抵御冲击压力、提升制度韧性优化治理效能、提升能力韧性补足治理短板、提升自治韧性筑牢共治格局四个方面探索建设韧性社区的路径。

Grassroots governance is the foundation of national governance,and community governance is the key to it.Most of people's activities take place in the community,from food,clothing,housing and transporta⁃tion to birth,aging,illness even death.Community is the forefront of people's communication and interest correlation,and also the field of social problems and social contradictions.Therefore,community governance becomes the source line of defense to prevent and resolve social contradictions.The advancement of urbaniza⁃tion puts forward more new requirements for community governance.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee further proposed to modernize the national governance system and capacity and improve the urban and rural grass-roots governance system.Building resilient communities has become a key link to mod⁃ernize community governance in the new era.This study sorts out and analyzes the development process of urban grassroots governance after the founding of the PRC,providing theoretical support and practical thinking for grassroots governance and community innovation construction.Combined with the current prominent contra⁃dictions in community governance,such as the contradictions between the frequent occurrence of urban public security events and the lack of disaster resistance capacity of the community,the contradictions between the excessive burden of the community and the limited human resources of the community,the contradictions between the diversified needs of residents and the lack of willingness to participate in governance,etc.Building resilient communities in response to grassroots governance challenges;It also explores ways to build resilient communities from four aspects:improving physical resilience to withstand shock pressure,improving institutional resilience to optimize governance efficiency,improving capacity resilience to make up for weak areas of governance,and enhancing self-governance resilience to build a solid co-governance pat⁃tern.