西藏日喀则地区青稞籽粒与栽培土壤中锌和硒含量特征

Characteristics of Zinc and Selenium Contents in Highland barley and Their Cultivated Soils from Shigatze,Tibet

【目的】明确日喀则地区青稞及其栽培土壤中的锌、硒含量现状,探讨土壤锌、硒含量与青稞籽粒锌、硒之间的相关关系,为当地青稞的锌、硒营养强化栽培及育种提供参考。【方法】采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法自日喀则地区12个县(区)采集7个品种、86份青稞样品及其农田土壤样品进行测定分析。【结果】日喀则地区青稞籽粒锌含量范围为15.61~19.96 mg kg^(-1),硒含量范围为60.88~186.19μg kg^(-1)。其中,主栽品种“喜玛拉19”籽粒硒富集能力较强,硒含量可达186.19μg kg^(-1),显著高于其他品种;不同品种青稞籽粒锌含量无显著差异。日喀则地区青稞栽培土壤全锌、全硒含量分别为55.77~82.21 mg kg^(-1)、113.43~354.29μg kg^(-1),土壤有效锌、有效硒含量分别为0.50~1.02 mg kg^(-1)、14.66~32.25μg kg^(-1);大部分供试土壤锌、硒含量处于中低水平,其中,40.70%的土壤锌处于低水平,59.80%的土壤硒含量低于当地平均水平。青稞籽粒硒含量与土壤全硒和有效硒含量均呈显著正相关关系;青稞籽粒锌含量与土壤有效锌含量显著正相关。【结论】供试青稞样品的籽粒锌含量100%、硒含量80%以上未达到富锌和富硒谷物的标准,有待于进一步强化提高;青稞栽培土壤锌、硒含量整体处于中低水平,需要增施锌、硒肥料。

[Objective]This paper was to clarify the current situation of zinc(Zn)and selenium(Se)contents in Highland barley grain and its cultivated soil in Shigatse,Tibet of China,and to investigate the correlation of Zn and Se contents between grain and soil.[Method]A total of 86 samples of highland barley(seven varieties)and 86 of corresponding cultivated soil samples(corresponding to highland barley grain collection place)were collected from 12 counties of the district of Shigatse city.Then,the total element contents in grain and soil and the soil available element contents were determined.[Result]The Zn contents in grain of Highland barley ranged from 15.61 mg kg^(-1)to 19.96 mg kg^(-1),and the Se contents in grain ranged from 60.88μg kg^(-1)to 186.19μg kg^(-1).Among them,the variety“Ximala 19”showed strong Se enrichment ability,with 186.19μg kg^(-1)in grain,which is significantly higher than other varieties.The Zn contents in grain showed no significant difference among different varieties.The contents of soil total Zn and Se were 55.77-82.21 mg kg^(-1)and 113.43-354.29μg kg^(-1),respectively.The soil available Zn and Se contents in soil were 0.50-1.02 mg kg^(-1)and 14.66-32.25μg kg^(-1),respectively.The contents of Zn and Se in most of the tested soils were at a low level,which 40.70%of soil Zn was at a low level,59.80%of soil Se was lower than the local average level.There was a significant positive correlation among Se content of Highland barley grain with soil total Se and available Se contents.There was a significant positive correlation between the Zn content of Highland barley grain with soil available Zn content.[Conclusion]The Zn contents in grain of highland barley samples and the Se contents of more than 80%did not meet the standard of zinc-rich and selenium-rich grains,which needs to be further strengthened.The overall contents of Zn and Se in highland barley cultivation soil are at a medium and low level,so additional Zn and Se fertilizer need to be applied.