山西绛县西吴壁遗址商代墓地2022年发掘简报

Excavation Report of the Shang Dynasty Cemetery at Xiwubi Site in Jiangxian County,Shanxi Province(2022)

2022年,中国国家博物馆、山西省考古研究院及运城市文物保护中心组成的联合考古队,在山西绛县西吴壁遗址IE4区布方发掘,发现并清理了16座墓葬。这些墓葬的时代大致为二里岗下层阶段,按规模可分大、中、小三类。大型墓M16的墓圹面积约9平方米,随葬丰富的青铜、绿松石、玉、漆、陶器;中型墓的墓圹面积超过2平方米,除被扰乱者,其他随葬青铜器或漆器;小型墓的墓圹面积一般小于2平方米,随葬陶器或无随葬品。随葬品主要包括商和晋南土著文化因素。这些墓葬葬俗相近,应属一处族墓地。西吴壁商代墓地的发现,为研究晋南地区商代人群构成、礼制源流,以及商王朝国家形态等问题提供了直接证据,具有重要的学术意义。

In 2022,a joint archaeological team of the National Museum of China,the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology,and the Yuncheng Municipal Centre for Cultural Heritage Conservation carried out archaeological excavations at zone IE4 at the Xiwubi site in Jiangxian county,Shanxi province.Sixteen tombs have been discovered,which roughly date to the lower Erligang culture period.Among them,the pit of the large-sized tomb M16 measures about 9 m^(2),with abundant burial objects made of bronze,turquoise,jade,and pottery.The medium-sized tombs each have a pit of over 2 m^(2)and,except the disturbed ones,are buried with bronze or lacquer wares.The pits of small-sized tombs are less than 2 m^(2)in area and are buried with pottery wares or nothing.Generally,the burial goods show Shang and indigenous southern Shanxi cultural elements.As these tombs reveal similar burial customs,they probably belong to the same clan cemetery.The discovery of this Shang dynasty cemetery is of great academic significance,because it has provided direct evidence to the composition of population in southern Shanxi during the Shang dynasty,the origins of ritual system,the state form of the Shang dynasty,and other issues.