吉州窑木叶纹、剪纸贴花装饰工艺的实验考古研究

An Experimental Archaeological Study on the Decorative Techniques of Leaf Design and Applied Paper-Cut Design of Jizhou Ware

木叶纹和剪纸贴花是吉州窑最具特色的装饰工艺。针对学术界的主要观点,我们采用传统柴窑,在考虑装饰工艺程序、树叶品种及状态、剪纸材质、盏坯素烧与否、烧成温度等变量的情况下,以釉和烧成气氛为定量,对这两种装饰工艺进行了复原实验。实验表明,宋代黑釉盏的木叶纹装饰应该是将湿树叶直接放于施好黑釉的生坯盏中,将生坯盏置于漏斗状匣钵中入窑烧制而成;剪纸贴花装饰是将剪纸贴于施好底釉的生坯盏中,罩面釉后揭去剪纸,再将盏置于匣钵中入窑烧制而成。木叶纹和剪纸贴花工艺最适合的烧制温度为1230-1250℃。纤维度高的老树叶效果最佳,纸的材质则与剪纸贴花的烧成效果无关。

Leaf design and applied paper-cut design are the most representative decorations on Jizhou ware.This paper presents a reconstructive experiment of these two decorative techniques,using the same glazes and fired in the same firing atmosphere in a traditional firewood kiln.The variables include decoration process,leaf variety and condition,paper-cutting material,the use of non-or pre-fired body,and firing temperature.According to the experiment results,it is concluded that:leaf designs on Song dynasty black-glazed Jizhou porcelain bowls were probably made by placing wet leaf onto black-glazed non-fired clay bowl,before putting the bowl in a funnel-shaped sagger and firing in the kiln;the applied paper-cut designs were made by affixing the paper-cut designs to the glazed non-fired body,covering the body with overglaze,removing the paper,and firing in a funnel-shaped sagger.The most suitable temperature is 1230-1250°C.The use of old leaves with high fiber content produces the most ideal effect,while the paper material will not affect the finaleffect.