成败第三师——吴佩孚经营河南与直系军阀将领的分裂

The 3rd Division:Wu Peifu in Henan and the Split of Zhili Clique Warlords

1920年直皖战争后,直系军事领袖吴佩孚凭借常胜之军第三师入主河南,经与地方势力赵倜的斗争,逐渐控制河南军民大权,以洛阳为大本营大兴土木、开展练兵运动,壮大了直军的力量,为1922年取得直奉战争的胜利提供保障。然而随着直系势力扩张、军队膨胀,吴佩孚为了巩固权力而大肆任用第三师亲信,在剿匪中保存嫡系部队实力,在军费待遇上厚此薄彼,使直系高级将领冯玉祥、王承斌、张福来等人逐渐离心,河南地方官员被排挤,民生饱受军队盘剥和土匪摧残,直系的经济、军事基础已严重动摇。不久,吴佩孚在河南精心训练的第三师和以军事为目的兴建的各项工程,也随着直系在第二次直奉战争的失败而失去意义。

After the Zhili-Anhui War in 1920,military leader of the Zhili clique Wu Peifu and his core military forces,the 3rd Division,entered Henan province and gradually seized the military and political power there through combat against the local warlord Zhao Ti.Based in Luoyang,Wu started large-scale constructions and troop training to build up the Zhili clique army and to prepare for the Zhili-Fengtian War in 1922.However,with the expansion of the Zhili clique and its army,Wu appointed trusted followers from the 3rd Division to be key government officials,so as to cement his own power.He also tried to save the Division's strength when suppressing bandits in Henan and distributed military expenditures unfairly.Disagreements then arose between Wu and high military officials like Feng Yuxiang,Wang Chengbin,and Zhang Fulai.Meanwhile,tension increased between Wu and the local Henan officials who had been pushed aside from government as well as the commoners who suffered from the warlords and bandits.These had shaken Zhili clique's economic and military foundation.Following the Zhili clique's failure in the second Zhili-Fengtian War,the carefully trained 3rd Division and the constructions for military purposes became no longer useful.