中国共产党对大型在华外企的接管与外方因应(1948-1952)——以开滦煤矿为中心

CPC's Takeover of the Kailuan Mining Administration and Foreign Responses(1948-1952)

新中国成立前后,中国共产党的外资政策曾有数次调整。受保护和利用在华外企的政策鼓舞,开滦煤矿中的英方人员于唐山解放之际选择留在原地,继续经营。1948年底至朝鲜战争爆发之前,党的外资政策以监督和管制为主,故对开滦煤矿进行必要管制的同时,为利用其维持生产生活,亦给予诸多援助。对于此种“援助—管制”模式,开滦英方并不欢迎,反而因某些管制措施主动提请人民政府接管煤矿。党在1952年之前没有既定的接管在华英企的计划,故对接管请求没有很快回应。换言之,所谓“延期接管”并非既定政策,而是党根据内外环境因时制宜的结果。

Around 1949,the Communist Party of China(CPC)made several adjustments in its foreign investment policy.Encouraged by the CPC policy of protecting and utilising foreign enterprises in China,British staff of the Kailuan Mining Administration(KMA)chose to stay and continued operation after the liberation of Tangshan.From the end of 1948 until the outbreak of the Korean War,following a foreign investment policy that focused on supervision and control,the CPC took necessary control over the KMA,while providing aid to secure the latter's production and workers'livelihood.Such an"aid and control"method was not welcomed by the British,who,as a result of certain control measures,instead asked for the Chinese government's takeover of the KMA.The British request was not responded in time by the CPC,because before 1952,it had no existing plan for taking over British companies in China.In other words,rather than being an existing policy,"protracted expropriation"was actually the CPC's reaction to the then domestic and international circumstances.