严寒寒冷地区高大空间建筑太阳能采暖保证率分析

Analysis on the Solar Heating Fraction of Large-scale Buildings in Severecold and Cold Regions

我国严寒寒冷地区以铁路客站为代表的高大空间公共建筑采暖能耗强度高,该地区各城市因气候与资源差异导致太阳能辐射水平和公共建筑采暖负荷同样具有较大的差异,为探究各城市高大空间建筑的太阳能保证率差别及其与主被动太阳能利用适宜性,本文以典型铁路客站为建筑原型,模拟分析了适用于公共建筑的主被动太阳能采暖保证率计算方法,计算剖析了不同窗墙比与天窗窗地比、集热器布置率设置分别对被动式与主动式太阳能保证率的影响,并计算给出了严寒寒冷地区不同代表性城市的主被动太阳能采暖保证率取值范围。结果表明:以铁路客站为代表的大平面高大空间公共建筑中利用太阳能进行主被动采暖均具有一定的潜力,其中主动式太阳能采暖优势明显,中小型铁路客站比大型铁路客站更适合采用被动式太阳能采暖,大型铁路客站被动式效果有限,应考虑主被动设计结合。

In severe cold area and cold regions in China,the heating demands of large-scale public buildings represented by railway stations is high.With the differences of climate and resources,the solar radiation level and heating demands of public buildings vary significantly in this region.In order to explore the difference of solar heating fraction of large space buildings in different cities and the suitability of active and passive solar energy utilization,this paper,based on the large space building prototype of typical railway passenger station,simulated the calculation method of active and passive solar heating fraction,and analyzed the influence of different ratio of window to wall,ratio of skylight window to floor and arrangement rate of collector on passive and active solar energy utilization.It further calculated the range of active and passive solar heating fraction of different representative cities in severe-cold and cold regions.The findings show that both active and passive solar heating have a certain potential in large-scale buildings such as railway stations,and active heating has prominent advantages.Passive solar heating is more suitable for small and medium railway stations,while the effects of passive heating are limited in large railway stations,so the combination of active and passive design should be considered.