高速列车仿生受电弓弓头气动及噪声特性数值研究

Numerical study on aerodynamic and noise characteristics of bionic pantograph head for high-speed train

基于仿生学原理,以高速列车的受电弓弓头为研究对象,提出了具有长曲线截面形状的受电弓弓头设计方案。运用CFD数值方法,建立长曲线形受电弓弓头和矩形受电弓弓头三维数值模型,对比分析了2种受电弓的气动力特性及气动噪声特性。结果表明采用长曲线形受电弓具有一定的减阻降噪效果,在列车速度350 km/h时受电弓的最高宽频噪声降低了9 dB。这是由于流体流过曲线形表面,抑制了尾涡的脱落,有效降低了气动阻力和气动噪声。

Based on the bionics principle,taking the pantograph head of high-speed train as the research object,a design scheme of pantograph head with long curve section shape is proposed.Using CFD numerical method,the three-dimensional numerical models of the long curve type and the rectangular type pantograph head are established,and the aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic noise characteristics of the two types are compared and analyzed.The results show that the long curve pantograph has a certain effect of drag reduction and noise reduction,and the maximum broadband noise of pantograph is reduced by 9 d B when the train runs at350 km/h.This is because the fluid flowing through curved surface can suppress the shedding of wake vortices and effectively reduce aerodynamic drag and noise.