日本学力观的变迁对幼儿教育改革的影响研究

Research on the Impact of the Transition of Japanese Learning Ability Perspective on Preschool Education Reform

二战后,日本的教育学者围绕青少年学生的学力培养展开了论争,形成了不同流派的学力观。学力观也在随着社会历史的发展而不断变化,并影响日本的教育改革,这在不同时期日本的教育政策、报告及指导性文件中都有所体现。日本幼儿教育的目标从知识技能的习得转向人格基础的养成,再到生存能力基础的培养;教育实践也从基础知识和基本技能的集体性教学转向幼儿自主游戏中心,再转向知识技能与游戏相结合。日本幼儿教育的改革历程中亦可见学力观的影响,探究日本学力观对幼儿教育改革的影响有助于我们把握日本幼儿教育的发展历程及方向。

The cultivation of adolescents'Learning Ability has been debated by Japanese education researchers since World WarⅡ,thus forming different schools of Learning Ability.With the development of social history,Learning Ability has changed and influenced Japanese education reforms,as is reflected in education policies,reports and guidance documents during different periods.The goals of preschool education have shifted from the acquisition of knowledge and skills to the development of personality basis and then to the foundational cultivation of the zest for living.Meanwhile,the education practice has also shifted from the collective teaching of basic knowledge and skills to free play of children and then to the combination of knowledge and games.The influence of Learning Ability can also be seen in the reformation of preschool education in Japan,and therefore the probe into the impact of the transition of Japanese Learning Ability perspective on preschool education reform can be helpful for us to know the development and trend of Japanese preschool education.