临床护士自我关怀现状及潜在剖面分析

Current situation and potential profile analysis of self-compassion behavior of clinical nurses

目的探讨国内临床护士自我关怀现状,分析不同类别护士自我关怀潜在特征差异,为制订针对性的自我关怀干预方案提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样法,于2022年3月选取临床一线3779名护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、自我关怀量表、接纳与行动问卷、认知融合问卷进行调查,以自我关怀量表对护士自我关怀特征进行潜在剖面分析,并通过单因素分析、Logistic回归分析对护士自我关怀特征差异性进行检验。结果共纳入3579名护士,护士自我关怀特征可分为3个类别:自我关怀不均衡组(15.90%)、自我关怀高偏下组(25.12%)、自我关怀中等组(58.98%)。自我关怀中等组与自我关怀高偏下组比较,家庭关系和谐程度越好(OR=0.812,P=0.004)、体育锻炼频率越多(OR=0.817,P<0.001)、睡眠质量越好(OR=0.751,P<0.001)和参加自我关怀培训次数越多(OR=0.874,P=0.019)的护士归入自我关怀高偏下组的概率越高,而接纳与行动问卷得分(OR=1.077,P<0.001)及认知融合问卷得分(OR=1.020,P=0.013)越高归到自我关怀中等组的概率越高;自我关怀不均衡组与自我关怀高偏下组比较,睡眠质量越好(OR=0.777,P<0.001)归入自我关怀高偏下组的概率越高,而接纳与行动问卷得分(OR=1.070,P<0.001)越高归入到自我关怀不均衡组的概率越高。结论临床护士自我关怀水平可分为3类,护理管理者可根据不同类型临床护士的心理特征,采取精准化的心理干预措施提高护士的自我关怀水平,进而促进护士群体的心理健康。

Objective To investigate the current situation of the self-compassion of clinical nurses,and to identify the potential characteristics of different types of nurses’self-compassion and the relationship with psychological flexibility,so as to provide a reference for the development targeted psychological intervention programs for different types of clinical nurses.Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted to select 3779 front-line clinical nurses in China in March 2022 as the survey objects.A general data questionnaire,self-compassion scale,Acceptance and Action Questionnaire(2nd edition),and cognitive integration questionnaire were used to conduct the survey.Potential profile analysis of nurses’self-compassion characteristics was conducted by the self-compassion scale.The relationship between self-compassion characteristics and the psychological flexibility of nurses was discussed by one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 3579 nurses were included.The characteristics of nurses’self-compassion could be divided into 3 categories,including the unbalanced self-compassion group(15.90%),the lower high self-compassion group(25.12%),and the medium self-compassion ability group(58.98%).Compared of the high self-compassion group and the medium self-compassion group,nurses who had more harmonious family relationship(OR=0.812,P=0.004),higher frequency of physical exercise(OR=0.817,P<0.001),better sleep quality(OR=0.751,P<0.001)and higher frequency of participating self-compassion training(OR=0.874,P=0.019)were more likely to be classified into the high self-compassion group,while nurses with high experiential avoidance(OR=1.077,P<0.001)and cognitive integration(OR=1.020,P=0.013)were more likely to be classified into the medium self-compassion group.Compared of the imbalance group and the lower high self-compassion group,nurses who had better sleep quality(OR=0.777,P<0.001)were more likely to be classified into the high self-compassion group,while nurses who had higher experiential avoidance(OR=1.070,P<0.001)were more likely to be classified into the imbalance group.Conclusion The self-compassion of clinical nurses can be divided into 3 categories.Nursing managers can take precise psychological interventions to improve nurses’self-compassion ability according to the psychological characteristics of different types of nursing staff,so as to promote the overall mental health of clinical nurses.