2010—2019年靖远县乙型病毒性肝炎感染状况分析

Analasis of status of viral hepatitis B in Jingyuan county,2010-2019

目的分析2010—2019年甘肃省靖远县乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行特征及变化趋势,为制定和调整防控策略提供依据,并提出精准防控措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析靖远县2010—2019年乙肝报告发病情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测病例乙肝五项血清学指标,包括表面抗原(HBsAg)、表面抗体(HBsAb)、核心抗体(HBcAb)、e抗原(HBeAg)和e抗体(HBeAb),以及1~15岁儿童HBsAg并分析结果。结果2010—2019年靖远县累计报告乙肝病例3708例、年平均发病率为27.36/10万,乙肝报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=897.131,P<0.05)。1~15岁儿童HBsAg阳性率2010年为4.67%、2012年为2.67%、2018年为1.33%,呈下降趋势(Fisher确切概率法,P=0.046)。3708例病例中,符合诊断报告标准的病例2979例、符合诊断报告率为80.34%。结论2010—2019年靖远县乙肝发病率仍然较高,但随着乙肝疫苗免疫策略的实施和各医疗机构对乙肝病例报告的进一步规范,乙肝报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and variation trends of viral hepatitis B in Jingyuan county of Gansu province from 2010 to 2019,and provide evidence-based reference for formulating and adjusting prevention and control strategies,then propose precise measures for prevention and control.Methods The incidence situation of hepatitis B reported in Jingyuan county from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods.The HBsAg,HBsAb,HBcAb,HBeAg and HBeAb were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were detected in the serum of cases.The HBsAg was detected in the serum of children aged 1-15 years and the results were analyzed.Results From 2010 to 2019,a total of 3708 cases with hepatitis B were reported in Jingyuan county,with the annual average incidence rate of 27.36/100000,and the reported incidence rates of hepatitis B showed decreasing trend year by year(trendχ^(2)=897.131,P<0.05).The positive rate of HBsAg in children aged 1-15 years was 4.67%in 2010,2.67%in 2012 and 1.33%in 2018,with decreasing trend(Fisher exect probability,P=0.046).Out of 3708 cases,there were 2979 cases accorded with the standard of diagnosis,with the reported rate which met the diagnosis was 80.34%.Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis B is still high in Jingyuan county during 2010-2019.However,with the implementation of Hepatitis B vaccination strategy and the further standardization of the reporting of hepatitis B cases in medical institutions,the reported incidence rates of hepatitis B show decreasing trend year by year.