皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型的构建及其运用进展

Research progress on skin flap models of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

皮瓣缺血再灌注损伤(flap ischemia-reperfusion injury, FIRI)动物模型可以为皮瓣移植术后坏死的发病机制和治疗提供有价值的信息,建立合适FIRI动物模型是了解FIRI病理生理学和实验新防治方法的必要前提。在设计FIRI动物模型时,重要的是要了解各种动物模型的特点、造模方法和独特表现,以及了解所选动物模型哪些部位的组织结构或功能与人类皮瓣相似。半个多世纪以来,研究者们运用大鼠分别构建了腹部和背部岛状皮瓣模型、大鼠背部随意皮瓣模型以及一些新型FIRI模型。然而,到目前还没有一个理想的模型能够完全模拟人类皮瓣移植术后坏死这种复杂机制以及对其防治的方法。因此,本文总结了目前用来制作FIRI模型最常用的大鼠模型,有助于研究者根据研究设计来选择大鼠合适的部位和方法进行造模,更有助于实验的顺利开展。

The flap ischemia-reperfusion injury(FIRI)animal model provides valuable information to understand the pathogenesis and treatment of necrosis after flap transplantation.Establishing a suitable FIRI animal model is a necessary prerequisite to comprehend the pathophysiology of FIRI and test novel preventive and therapeutic method.When designing an FIRI animal model,it is important to understand the characteristics,modeling method,unique performance of each animal model,and which tissue structures or functions of the selected animal model are similar to human flaps.For over half a century,researchers have used rats to establish abdominal and dorsal island flap models,rat dorsal random flap models,and some novel FIRI models.However,so far there is no ideal model that fully simulates the complex mechanism of necrosis after human flap transplantation or its prevention and treatment method.Therefore,this review summarizes the most commonly used rat models to establish FIRI models,which may facilitate choosing suitable parts and method for modeling in accordance with the research design and the smooth conduct of experiments.