儒士悲歌:唐衢生平事迹考索

Confucian Elegy: Textual Research on Tang Qu’s Life Stories

唐衢为中晚唐时期著名儒士,因善哭多见于传世文献记载。后世士大夫每有仕途不得意,哀叹世风浇薄时,多引以为同调。由于史传文献记载的零散,迄今学界尚无专文予以讨论。本文主要从文献学的角度出发,勾稽史料,试图对唐衢的生卒年、交游、诗文以及善哭的社会原因做一初步的探讨。据笔者考得:唐衢生年大体在唐肃宗上元元年(760)至唐代宗广德二年(764)之间,卒年最晚应在唐宪宗元和九年(814)。同其交游者有白居易、裴度、韩愈等人。唐衢哭世事,集中体现了封建专制统治下士人对纷乱世局的苦闷、无奈之普遍心态,这对丰富和了解唐代中晚期士人的思想状况以及社会现实具有典型的意义。

Tang Qu was a famous Confucian scholar in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.His famous ability to cry was widely recorded in historical documents.When intellectuals of later generations lament the erosion of morals or when their careers are not as good as they hoped,they often cite this as a common theme.In the fragmented historical records,there has been no dedicated articles in the academic community to discuss it so far.This article examines the historical literature,and aims to provide a preliminary study of Tang Qu’s birth and death,his friendships,his poetry,and the social reasons behind his propensity to cry from a literature perspective.According to the research,Tang Qu was born someday between the first year of Shangyuan era of Emperor Suzong in the Tang Dynasty(760)and the second year of Guangde era of Emperor Daizong in the Tang Dynasty(764),and his death date should be no later than the 9th year of Yuanhe era of Emperor Xianzong in the Tang Dynasty(814).His companions include Bai Juyi,Pei Du,and Han Yu etc.Tang Qu’s cry for the world is a reflection of the general mentality i.e.,distress and helplessness of the literati under the feudal autocratic rule in the chaotic world.This has a typical significance for enriching and understanding the ideological status and social reality of the literati in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.