新生代乡村教师的社会融入困囿与身份建构——基于扎根理论的研究

The Dilemma of Social Integration and Identity Construction ofthe New Generation of Rural Teachers——Research Based on Grounded Theory

新生代乡村教师社会融入与身份建构有助于参与社会治理和彰显公共精神。他们从乡村场域空间的“边缘人”走向“局内人”需经历“入场—在场—争场—融场”四个阶段,具体表征为入场憧憬、在场不适、争场迷茫和融场共生等心理倾向与行动轨迹。基于扎根理论研究方法对我国西部乡村地区12名新生代乡村教师的社会融入与身份建构进行调查和分析,通过整合社会融入理论、身份认同理论和共生理论,基于教育空间与乡村场域维度,尝试构建新生代乡村教师的社会融入困囿与身份建构矛盾分析框架。研究发现:一方面,新生代乡村教师的社会融入存在内生动力消解趋于心理融入式微、志业品性弱化囿于情感融入悬浮、文化底蕴抽离困于乡土融入遮蔽,以及公共精神旁落陷于行为融入桎梏等四重困囿;另一方面,新生代乡村教师的身份建构面临自我身份危机之局内人与边缘人徘徊、专业身份迷失之教书匠与筑梦人掣肘、文化身份迷茫之本地人与异乡人冲突,以及社会身份区隔之坚守者与逃离者纠结等四重矛盾。鉴于此,可构建个人—学校—文化—制度—社会“五位一体”支持体系,以疏解社会融入困囿与身份建构的矛盾。

Social integration and identity construction of the new generation of rural teachers are helpful to participate in social governance and show public spirit.From"marginal people"to"insiders"in rural field space,they need to go through four stages:"admission-presence-competition-melting",which are embodied in psychological tendencies and action tracks such as admission longing,discomfort,confusion and symbiosis.Based on Grounded Theory,this paper investigates the social integration and identity construction of 12 new generation rural teachers in western rural areas of China,integrates the social integration theory,identity theory and symbiosis theory,and tries to construct the contradictory framework of social integration dilemma and identity construction of new generation rural teachers based on the dimensions of educational space and rural field.It is found that on the one hand,there are four difficulties in the social integration of the new generation of rural teachers:the dissolution of endogenous motivation tends to be psychological integration,the disappearance of ambition and character is limited by emotional integration,the suspension of cultural heritage is shielded,the local integration is shielded,and the public spirit is shackled by behavior integration;On the other hand,the identity construction of the new generation of rural teachers faces four contradictions:insiders and marginalized people who are in crisis of self-identity wander,teachers and dreamers who are lost in professional identity constrain,locals who are confused in cultural identity conflict with strangers,and those who stick to and escape from social identity are entangled.In view of this,the contradiction between social integration and identity construction can be solved by constructing the"five-in-one"support system of individual-school-culture-system-society.