基于流固耦合的插齿机静压主轴结构优化设计

Optimization Design of Hydrostatic Pressure Spindle Structure of Gear Shaper Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction

液体静压轴承由于具有较高的旋转精度和油膜刚度等特点广泛应用于精密、高速插齿机主轴上,然而主轴往复运动引起的发热以及摇杆对主轴侧向作用力的周期性变化将导致静压油膜刚度发生变化,从而影响加工精度。针对大齿宽长行程插齿机YKW51160的静压主轴刚度不足问题,建立油膜有限元分析模型,采用静压油腔边缘倒角和回字形油腔2种结构优化设计方案以提高静压油膜刚度和承载能力;基于流固耦合方法对优化后的静压轴承承载能力以及油膜刚度进行分析验证。仿真和实例计算结果表明:优化后的轴承承载能力和油膜刚度最大提升12%和12.3%,满足摇杆对主轴径向周期性的冲击所需的承载能力和油膜刚度要求。

Hydrostatic bearings are widely used in the spindle of precision and high-speed gear shaper machine tools due to its high rotational accuracy and oil film stiffness,but the heat generated by the reciprocating movement of the spindle and the periodic change of the lateral force of the ball tie rod on the spindle will lead to changes in the stiffness of the hydrostatic oil film,thus the processing accuracy will be affected.Aiming at the insufficient stiffness of the hydrostatic pressure spindle of the large tooth width and long stroke gear shaper YKW51160,the finite element analysis model of oil film was established.The structural optimization design schemes of the hydrostatic pressure oil chamber edge chamfering and the rectangular-ambulatory-plane oil chambers were used to improve the stiffness and bearing capacity of the hydrostatic pressure oil film.The bearing capacity and oil film stiffness of the optimized hydrostatic pressure bearing were analyzed and verified based on the fluid-structure coupling method.The simulation and example calculation results show that the optimized bearing capacity and oil film stiffness can be increased by 12%and 12.3%at the maximum,which meets the bearing capacity and oil film stiffness requirements required for the radial periodic impact of the connecting rod on the spindle.