数据分析视域下清代宗室封爵等级研究——基于《钦定大清会典事例》的知识发现

A Study on the Ranking of Imperial Titles in Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Data Analysis:Knowledge Discovery Based on theExamples of the Imperial Qing Festival

[目的/意义]对清代宗室爵位等级及其路径迭代进行分析,以丰富清代宗室封爵等级研究成果,为后续学者进一步分析封爵制度和进行其他相关研究提供借鉴。[方法/过程]利用定量的分析方法,对《钦定大清会典事例》封爵卷进行标注、统计分析,并根据乾隆十三年“钦定爵表”,对宗室子嗣进行路径迭代分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,《钦定大清会典事例》封爵卷自“封爵等级”到“封号”,内容条目数量整体上呈现递减趋势,临时条例主要集中在乾隆朝及以前,而具体事件则主要分布在乾隆朝及之后;路径迭代分析极大地反映了子嗣地位在清代贵族中的重要性,同时严密的爵位等级加上降袭、考封等封爵方式以及世袭罔替、按次承袭的袭爵方式,在一定程度上避免了宗室爵位冗滥,有助于维护清朝社会稳定。

[Purpose/Significance] This study analyzes the rank and path iteration of the imperial clan titles in the Qing Dynasty,in order to enrich the research results of the imperial clan titles in the Qing Dynasty,and provide reference for subsequent scholars to further analyze the titles system and conduct other related research.[Method/Process]This study used quantitative analysis methods to mark and statistically analyze the title roll of Examples of the Imperial Qing Festival,and based on the"Imperial Titles List"in the 13th year of Qianlong's reign,an iterative analysis of the path of the descendants of the imperial clan was carried out.[Result/Conclusion]The research finds that the number of content items in the title roll of the Examples of the Imperial Qing Festival shows a decreasing trend from"title rank"to"title".The temporary regulations are mainly concentrated in the Qianlong Dynasty and before,while the specific events are mainly distributed in the Qianlong Dynasty and after.The iterative analysis of the path greatly reflects the importance of the status of descendants in the Qing clan.At the same time,the strict ranking of titles,together with the way of descending and examination,and the way of inheriting titles by genera-tions and specific times,avoid the superfluous titles of the imperial family to some extent which helped maintain the social stability of theQingDynasty.