新型多羟基三嗪基炭化剂对聚丙烯的阻燃作用

Flame retardant effect of a novel polyhydroxy triazine-based charring agent on polypropylene

以三聚氯氰(CNC)、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(TRIS)和二乙烯三胺为原料合成了一种新型多羟基三嗪基炭化剂(TTDC)。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、固体核磁共振(^(13)C-NMR)、元素分析和热重分析(TG/DTG)测试对TTDC的化学结构和热性能进行了分析。通过熔融共混的方法将聚磷酸铵(APP)、TTDC和二氧化硅(SiO_(2))加入聚丙烯(PP)中制备PP复合材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、TG/DTG和锥形量热(CCT)测试研究了PP复合材料的阻燃性能和热稳定性,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和拉曼光谱对残炭的表面形貌和结构进行了研究。结果表明:APP和TTDC具有良好的协同阻燃作用,PP、APP、TTDC和SiO_(2)比例为75∶16∶8∶1时,阻燃效果最佳,PP复合材料的LOI值为32.8%,达到UL-94 V-0级,800℃残炭量达到8.12%,热释放率峰值从纯PP的846.46kW/m^(2)下降到236.61kW/m^(2)。通过燃烧行为、残炭形貌和力学性能的综合分析,表明TTDC是一种高效的炭化剂。

A novel polyhydroxy triazine-based charring agent(TTDC)was synthesized using cyanuric chloride(CNC),trimethylolaminomethane(TRIS)and diethylenetriamine as raw materials.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(~(13)C-NMR),elemental analysis,and thermogravimetric analysis(TG/DTG)were used to analyze the chemical structure and thermal properties of TTDC.PP composites were prepared via melt blending by adding ammonium polyphosphate(APP),TTDC,silicon dioxide(SiO_(2))into polypropylene(PP).The flame retardancy and thermal stability of PP composites were studied through limiting oxygen index(LOI),vertical combustion(UL-94),thermogravimetric analysis(TG/DTG)and cone calorimeter test(CCT).The surface morphology and structure of carbon residue were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and Raman spectroscopy.The results showed that APP and TTDC had a good synergistic flame-retardant effect.When the ratio of PP,APP,TTDC and SiO_(2) was 75∶16∶8∶1,the flame-retardant effect was the best,and the LOI value of PP composites was 32.8%,the UL-94 reached V-0 level,and the residual carbon content at 800℃ reached 8.12%.The peak heat release rate dropped from 846.46kW/m^(2) of pure PP to 236.61kW/m^(2).Through comprehensive analysis of combustion performance,residual carbon morphology and mechanical properties,it was found that TTDC was an efficient charring agent.