虚构叙事中的集体声音——论“第一人称复数”叙事的形式与意义

The Collective Voice in Fictional Narrative:On the Form and Significance of the “First-Person Plural Narrative”

虽然第一人称复数叙事在叙事学界已经受到一定关注,但关于该类叙事的不少基本问题,学界仍未达成共识,其基本概念、形式特征和修辞意义等重要问题都有待梳理和阐述。第一人称复数叙事得以确立的基本条件,是“我们”叙述声音在整个叙事中占据主导,且故事围绕叙述者“我们”展开。复数叙述者“我们”的“集体主体性”赋予其洞悉其他人物内心意识的合法性,因此第一人称复数叙事拓展了传统的叙述者理论。第一人称复数叙事不仅是边缘群体表达集体意识的有效形式,同时也由于叙述者“我们”在文本中具体指涉对象的模糊不清,从而使其能够揭示群体内部可能存在的矛盾和冲突。

Although narratologists have already paid attention to the first-person plural narrative,they have not reached consensus concerning some fundamental issues related to this literary narrative.The basic definition,formalist features and rhetorical significance of the first-person plural narrative need to be further explored.The first-person plural narrative is formed when the“we”narrative voice takes a dominant position in the whole narrative and the story is about the narrator“we”.The“collective subjectivity”of the plural narrator“we”has the legitimacy of accessing other characters'inner consciousness,which expands the scope of traditional narrator theories.The first-person plural narrative not only is an ideal form for marginalized groups to represent communal consciousness,but also can demonstrate contradictions and conflicts within the group because of the fluidity of the reference of the narrator“we”.