“快乐的叛国者”:《尤利西斯》中物对穆利根的身份建构

“Her Gay Betrayer”:On the Identity Construction of Mulligan by Objects in Ulysses

勃克·穆利根是乔伊斯小说《尤利西斯》中的一个次要人物,虽出场不多,却在英国统治下的爱尔兰极具代表性。在塑造该人物形象的过程中,一些平常的物被赋予爱尔兰宗教、经济、殖民等社会文化内涵,拥有了亵渎、仆从、共谋或背叛等属性的社会生命。物成为行动者,构成行动者网络,把穆利根塑造成一位追求个人享乐、丧失宗教信仰、委身殖民者的代表性人物形象。探究物背后的意识形态与权力关系,能够揭示快乐叛国者背后的政治、经济和文化成因,暴露叛国者的群体性。物发挥着对穆利根这一叛国者群体形象的建构与批判作用,折射出乔伊斯对爱尔兰国民性的审视。

Buck Mulligan is a secondary character in Joyce's novel Ulysses.Although he appears only a few times,he is a representative of his kind in Ireland under the British rule.In the process of creating this character,some ordinary objects are endowed with such cultural connotations as religion,economy and colonization,and therefore have a social life of blasphemy,servitude,conspiracy or betrayal.Objects become actors,shaping Mulligan into a representative of a group of gay betrayers who pursue their own pleasure,lose their religious belief and commit themselves to the colonizer.By exploring the ideology and power relationship carried by the objects,we can reveal the political,economic and cultural causes behind the gay betrayers as a group.Objects play a critical role in constructing and criticizing this group of betrayers,reflecting Joyce's inspection of Irish national character.