淮南市鼠形动物自然感染4种病原体检测结果分析

Analysis of the detection results of rodent species and four natural infection pathogens in Huainan City

目的 了解淮南市鼠形动物常见种类及病原携带情况,为鼠传疾病的风险评估和预测预警提供科学依据。方法 2021年9月—2022年3月,以花生米为诱饵,采用夹夜法在淮南市3个区的居民区、重点行业(建筑工地、餐饮等)、农田耕地等生境捕鼠,捕获的鼠形动物鉴定种属后进行无菌解剖。采集肝、肺、脾、肾组织样本,使用荧光PCR法对样本进行嗜吞噬细胞无形体、钩端螺旋体、汉坦病毒、新型布尼亚病毒4种病原体的检测。结果 3个监测点共布夹8 038夹次,捕获鼠形动物100只,捕获率1.24%,包括小家鼠、褐家鼠和黄胸鼠,所占比例分别为62.00%、29.00%和9.00%。不同生境捕获率为重点行业(1.81%)>农村居民区(1.69%)>城镇居民区(0.71%)>农田耕地(0.35%)。100份组织样品中检出汉坦病毒阳性13份,经鉴定基因型均为汉城型,钩端螺旋体阳性2份,未检出嗜吞噬细胞无形体、新型布尼亚病毒。2只小家鼠存在汉坦病毒和钩端螺旋体混合感染情况,混合感染率为2.00%。结论 淮南市鼠形动物以小家鼠和褐家鼠为优势鼠种,存在汉坦病毒、钩端螺旋体感染及混合感染,可能会引起自然疫源性疾病的传播,需进一步加强对鼠传疾病的防治。

Objective To understand the common species of rodents and their pathogen carriers in Huainan City,and to provide scientific basis for risk assessment,prediction and early warning of rodent-borne diseases.Methods From September 2021 to March 2022,peanuts were used as bait to catch rats in rural residential areas,key industries( construction sites),farmland and other habitats in three districts of Huainan City by night trapping method.After identifying the species of the captured rodents,liver,lung,spleen and kidney tissue samples were collected by aseptic dissection,a total of 100 tissue samples were collected.Fluorescent PCR method was used to detect the four pathogens of phagocytic aplastic,leptospira,hantavirus and new-burnia virus.Results A total of 8 038 clips were placed at the three monitoring points,and 100 rodents were captured,with a capture rate of 1.24%,including Mus musculus,Mus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus,accounting for 62.00%,29.00% and 9.00%,respectively.The capture rate of different habitats is key industries( 1.81%) rural residential areas(1.69%) urban residential areas(0.71%) farmland(0.35%).Among the 100 tissue samples,13were positive for Hantavirus,the identified genotype was Seoul type,2 were positive for Leptospira,and no phagocytic aplasia and Neobunia virus were detected.Two Mus musculus had mixed infection of hantavirus and leptospira,and the mixed infection rate was 2.00%.Conclusion Mus musculus and Mus norvegicus are the dominant species of rodents in Huainan City,they can cause hantavirus,leptospirosis infection and mixed infection,as well as may cause the spread of natural epidemicderived diseases.It is suggested that the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases need to be further strengthened.